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tCTria».. iriirTrfi'fiirf(yrjeiJaTiilWii>Wi1"ilf''*iy''f^^^  ^■,„.~^.-fff 


its 

lu 

iifier 

me 

age 


rata 
> 


eiure. 


3 


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1 


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empreinte. 

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illustrent  la  mdthode. 


-  '-<rmTmMmmmm*immmim»yi»«»'^i^^ 


"wr 


'wr 


jt~;^- 


] 


w 


%•■ 


f: 


■ 


I 


W'-' 


* 


OBSERVATIONS 

On  tlie  late  and  prcfent 

ConduSl  of  the  French, 

WITH 

Regardto  their  Encroachments 
upon  the  Britijh  Colonies 
m  North  America. 

I* 

TOGETHER 

With  REMARKS  on  the  Importance 
of  thefe  Colonies  to  Great-Britain, 

T«  which  18  added,  wote  by  another  Hand  j 

Observations  concerning  the  Increafe 
of  Mankind,  Peopling  of  Countries,  &c. 


B    O    S    T    O    N: 


« 


Printed  and  Sold  by  S.  K  n  e  e  i  ^  ^  p  in  Queen- 
Street.  1755, 


■'"I4 


<^1 


.  .    4is««' 


'^'- 


'"'^-  iji  <  iuiiiiii.ii|Kii|iiiiiniM|im|ni 


F.:* 


"**«.' 


— '  ^'''X .' 


a. 

:/) 
o 

CYI 


I   S.  i  . 


-iO 


.  ■  ii";<fc»»->r'.'»^Jrt"*"»t»W*<i^)l 


i.    ^-'v-'^-''^' 


I 


"Sli:,:-;    .:y3L. 


•"I     '  • 


.r> 


B'i^mS 


no 


C 


•wnanpi 


OUi 


•^■^» -^-f*  ■*--!..  ^-f..  ^--jh  **--i*  ^--i^  4.-**4,. 

XX    X   i!    X    X    X    X    X    X    X    X    y    y  T  T  v 

•       f  r 

To   His  ExcELLKNcy 


c^  fll<;4 


friLLIAM  SHIRLETM^, '' 

Govemonr  in  Chief  and  Captain-General 
of  His  M  A  J  E  s  T  Y  's   Province  of  the 

•  MaJJltchtifetts-Baj  •    and  Major-General 
in  liis  Land  Forces,  &:c.  ' 

f       •?    .^        ♦  ■ 

Sir, 

AS  the  profeffed  Defign  of  the^ 
following  Obfervations  is  to. 
fliow  the  great  Value  and  Im- 
portance of  the  Bruifi  Colonies  in 
North-America,  and  the  unjuft  En-^ 
croachments  of  the  French  upon  his 
Majefty*s  Territories  there,  they  can  be 

*  addreffed 


«,^.  »»„,B««it«*ta 


\>  :.■■'{ 


f^^ 


■'TWWP 


V 


Dedication. 

addrefled  to  no  One  with  fo  much  Pro- 
priety as  to  your  Excellency,  who 
hath  fo  largely  contributed  to  explain 
and  enforce  the  one,  and  to  oppofe  and 


Uii.  »,'. 


^'  »>      ^  * 


prevent  the  othet*. 

With  your  Views  fixed  to  the  Bri- 
tijh  Intereft  in  thefe  RefpeAs,  it  would 
be  extreamly  difficult,  if  not  impofll- 
ble,   to  defcribe  the  incefTant  Labours, 
you  have  gone  thro',  while   you  had 
the  Weight  of  three  Expeditions  at 
once  upon  you  ;  that  oS  Nova-Scoiiay 
twice  before  relieved  and  maintained  by 
your  Succours  &  Vigilance;  oi Crown- 
J^ointy  fb  absolutely  neceffary  to  (ecure 
the  Friendfhip  and  Fidelity  of  the  Six 
Nations ;  and  oi  Niagara^  the  Key  of 
the  Entrance  in*o  the  great  Lakes,and 
.    ;  of 


"  f'l  i»i»<iiii 


O  N. 

muchPro- 

N  c  Y,  who 

to  explain 

oppofe  and 

to  the  Bri' 
is,  it  would 
lot  impofll- 
nt  Labours, 
c  you  had 
peditions  at 

aintained  by 
;  oi  Crown- 
iry  to  (ecufc 
y  of  the  Six 
f,  the  Key  of 
It  Lakes,and 
of 


Dedication.' 

of  the  French  Communication  with 
the  Miffifippi  ;  for  the  fuccefsful  Exe- 
cution  of  which  laft  Expedition,  you 
are  now  hazarding  your  Perfon. 

You  will  permit  me,  Sir^  to  {^y^ 
that  it  is  very  much  owing  to  your 
Rcprefentations,  that  the  Intcreft  of 
thefe  Plantations  is  made  the  great 
Objea  of  the  Attention  of  their  Mq- 
ther-Country,  and  that  Spirit  raifed, 
which  fo  happily  prevails  in  Great- 
Britain  fox  their  Prcfervation  from  the 
deftru(^ive  Schemes  of  the  French, 

The  Wiidom  of  your  Councils,  and 
the  Integrity  of  your  Condua,  always 
employed  for  the  general  Welfare  of 
thcfe  Colonies,  have    gained  you   a 

Confidence 


--^^Y**— •«*« 


1 


xV 


f^ir- 


-  Twraiiiif  ai 


III  ir 


r' 


D  E  D  .I.C  A  r.l  0  Nr  t 

t. 

Conlidencc  thro'    them   all  -,  without  ^ 
which  the  Left  coriccrtcil  Plans  would  i 
be  ineffectual  in  our  prefcnt   Circum-  ^ 
ftances.     In  Confequence  of  this,   tlve  . 
Northern   Governments    fo   fpeedily 
railed  the  large  Number  of    Troops 
now   gone  upon    the   Expedition  a- 
gainft  Crown-Point ;   and   your  own ' 
Province  thofe  Troops,  which  in  Con-  * 
junction  with  a  Number  of  his   Ma- 
jefty*s  Forces  there,    have  already  dif^ 
poffefled  the  French  at  Nova-Scotia  of 
ail  their  Forts  in  that  Province,  having 
again  exerted  that  noble  Spirit,  which 
heretofore  called  forth  by  you,  c6m- 
pelled   Louijbourg  to  furrender,  and. 
gave  Peace  to  Europe.  /  ,  -/"' 


t. 


.^fA-s?-:^-- 


;  without 
ns  would . 

Circum-  ^ 
this,   tlve 

fpeedily  ^'-  , 
Troops 
(litioii  a- 
^our  own 
h  in  Con-/ 

his  Ma-  . 
•cady  dif^ 
\-Scotia  of 
:e,  having 
it,  which 
3U,  c6m- 
id^r,  and^ 


Dedication.      ^ 

I  might  add,  as  a  Rcafon  of  this 
Addrefs,  my  Perfonal  Attachfiicnt, 
founded  upon  a  long  Knov/lcdge  of 
your  fuperiour  Abilities,  your  Learn- 
ing, Humanity  and  Politcnefs,  and 
every  benevolent  Affe(flion,  that  ren- 
der your  private  Charaifter  amiable ; 
.  but  I  wave  this  for  publick  Conlidera- 
tions,  your  Regard  to  which  you 
efteem  your  firft  Felicity,  and  think 
none  of  your  Talents  deferving  of  any 
Eftimation,  in  Comparifbn  with  thofe, 
which  you  employ  for  the  Benefit  of 
Mankind/  ^    ' 


MaySuccefs,  ilidfef  the  Proteaion 
of  the  Divihb  Providence,'  attend  your 
Enterprize  upon  Niagara^  by  reducing 
\vhicji^  ai3i4,  ;&^uring  that  important 

Pafs,, 


r  r 


v«*U*»- 


?"..-. .>^' 


■  g."'w^ytiry^fe|ijiy-%Bai»>,  i>f*m^  n»n  W>  '■■<-""  '■'  - 


■'W' 


m 


.        .  D  E  D  IC  A  T  I  O  N.    " 

P^s,  may  you  be  the  Inftrument  of 
fecurihg  to  Greai-Britain^  the  Domi- 
nion of  the  Lakes  and  rich  Countries 
beyond  the  Apalachian  Mountains : 
And  by  cutting  oft  the  French  from 
their  ambituous  Schemes,  may  you  lay 
the  Foundation  ot  a  lafting  Peace, 
This  may  you  foon  fee,  and  continue 
long  to  enjoy,  and  by  cultivating  the 
Arts  thereof,  adorn  that  Country, 
which  you  fhall  have  faved  by  your 
Councils  and  Arms.   .    ' 


I 


I  am  with  the  utmoft  R^ar^ 
moft  Qbe4lewliun^e-SterY»«t,l- 

Wiffiam  darh/ 


iBI!!8yHy'!*ltM*'H>W'#'l'>'j-'-"""' '■'  "Mil. 

T  ION.    ' 

t  Inftfument  of 
f^;«,  the  Dbmi- 

rich  Gountries 
2n  Mountains : 
ic  French  jfrom 
es,  may  you  lay 

lafting  Peace. 
:,  and  continue 

cultivating  the 
that  Country, 
faved  by  your 


f- 


l»u;iiii  m\<mimnrmmH0"'>^^^  '   '" ' '"" 


rl 


;^' 


•J      t± 


u 


«tV- ka-i 


xi>.asli 


^PREFACE 

^^  .■  -Jjlw;^  i^^ 

nPHE^  Obfervathtis  on  the  late  and  frefent 
f  ConduB  of  the  French  ^^c.  -were  ivrot? 
•*  towards  the  latter  End  of  the  laft  Year  \ 
*^  hut  the  Tuhll cation  of  them  hath  been  un^ 
avoidably  deferred  'till  this  Time  ;  they  mlgljt 
have  been  more  feafonable  when  they  Were  firfi 
•wrote i  but  It  Is  hoped  that  even  now  they  will 
fiot  be  entirely  without  their  Vfe. 

■  th&  Authtir's  Dejtgn  did  not  lead  him  to  af- 
certaln  the  preclfe  Boundaries  of  //;^  Englifh 
md  FrencliTerrltories  in  North-America,wr 

yet  to  lay  any  Tlan  for  driving  theFrench  from 
their  late  and  prefent .  Encroachments  upon  the 
Britifh  ones,  much  lefs  to  make  any  long  Der 

[duHlonsfrom  the  FaHs  he  hath  laid  down. 

His  only  View  was,  in  the  moft  aonclfe  Man^ 

^er^confijlent  with  Terfplculty,   to  fiow,  that 

4J^e  French  "hadmade  many  unwarrantable  En- 

croacbmnts  upon  the  Britilh  TVmVor/Vj   /« 

*      '^  a  a  North-' 


-im  —  --tm^m 


■-/iyiM>|.^ilJi"^^WP<SjWjMi|i||ii     I  _  |Mi|i»,.i|^i. 


lliH».iy^<|iP|j  — r 


u 


PREFACE. 


ir 


Korth-America,    conirary  t9    the  Treaty  of 

.  ytrecbt  6*  Aix-Ia-Chapelle;  that  if  they  were 

fufferedto  go  on^or  but  feebly  appojed^they  ivould 

greatly  dijirefs    the  Britifh   Colonies,    and  in 

Time  become  abfolute  Majlers  of  them  all ;  and 

finally  tofho-wfrom  theState  oftheCohnies'with 

Jielation.  to  -Great  Britain,  hoivfarjheherjelf 

"would  be  affeBed  by  fuch  a  Change  of  Dominion 

/«  North-America.  ,. 

The  great  u4rmament  the  French  lave  fitted 
out  ftnce  that  Time ^and  fent  hither  of  fuch  a  v aft 
%xpence,  confirm  the  Obfervations  upon  theT Ian 
if  the  French  Court  'with  Regard  to  this  fart 
of  the  Worldy  and  the  near  Approaches  they  have 
made  to  the  aBual  Execution  of  a  great  fart  of 
it,  and  are  a  convincing  f  roof  of  theT)  anger ^tQ 
'bfhich  thefe  Colonies  mufi  be  always  expofed, 
from  the  koundlefs  Ambition  of  thai  Court,  un- 
lefs  a  watehful  and  confiant  Attention  be  given 
to  all  their  Motions  by  the  Crown  of  Great* 
Britain. 

If  this  Attention  had  not  been  given  at  this 
JunBure,  Nova-Scotia,  now  more  th^u  ever 
fecured  to  the  Crown  o/' Great-Britain,  would 
hfore  this  Time  have  been  in  tf)e  Hands  (fthe 
French.  Of  what  fatal  Confequence  .that' 
wmld  have  been  not  only  to  the  reft  of  his  M»^ 
j^fiiys  Coimes  /»NQrth-Anie«^a,^«/  toGreeA^ 
♦    ■       i   ■  .    ;  "  Britaia 


■N 


Mi"ii.'l4'JM"  'l.'fAJ 


the  Trtdty  of 

at  if  they  wfre 
ofed^they  ivoulJ 
onies,  and  in 
^them  all ;  and 
beCalonies  ivith 
far  Jhe  her  felf 
^e  of  Dominion 


«iiii««f<ww^>»w«*WWW* 


^1 


^chtave  fitttd 
TQ^fuchavaJl 
uu-pontheTlan 
irdto  thisTart 
ach^s  they  hasue 
%  great  Tart  of 
)ftheDangerytQ 
livays  expofedf 
thai  Courtj  un- 
iention  be  given 
w»  of  Great* 

«  given  at  thi^ 
wre  th^tt  fver 
Britain,  woald 
e  Hands  tfthe 
nfequence  4h^ 
p'ffji  (fhis  M»^ 
^Ajbut  toGre&t-- 
Britaia 


f   a    Jg    F    A   jC    E, 


m 


Britain  it  Jelf,  enough  is  faid  /V  the  fiU 
lovjing  Tages:  Neither  is  tt  to  be  imaginedy 
that  we  are  altageiher  free  fhm  Danger  from. 
■that  Tort  sfthe  Squadron  that  hath  efcaped the 
Yigihnce  of  Admiral  Boscawbn  :  Though 
indeed  their  Grand  Scheme  feems  to  he-broke  b^ 
the  feafomhle  Arrival  of  the  EnglifhSquo^dron 
enj^on  this  Coaft, 

Great  Tart  ofthefe  Ohfervaflons  are  taken 
frQm  Memorials  and  other  Tapers  of  his  JSst- 
cellejuqy  Qdvermmr  Shirley,  -which  he 'was 
fi'  kind  as  ts  pnt  into  the  Author's  Hands  ;  ttek 
ther  hath  he  mde  kfs  free  with  any  other  Tam- 
pers he  could  get  into  his  Tajfejpjm,  . 

Thefirfi  Tart  of  a  Treatife  upon  the  prefent 
State  o/' North- America,  lately  publtjhed  in 
London,  "wrote  ivitH  the  greateji  Terfpicuity^ 
Judgment  and  Spiritf  (for  which  every  Eng- 
lishman is  greatly  •kliged  to  the  ingenious  Au- 
thor) did  not  come  into  n^  Hands  y  till  the  great- 
eft  Tart  of  this  -was  printed  of.  Had  Ifeen 
it  before^  it  -would  have  induced  me,  infome 
Meafure  to  have  altered  my  Tlan.  But  tho* 
the  Author  hath  greatly  fuperfeded  me,  by  ex- 
a^ly  afcertaining  the  Boundaries  of  the  Britifli 
««i  French  Territories  in  North-America,tf«</ 
by  giving  an  Account  'of  the  -more  early  En- 
croachments of  the  French  upon  the  Britifii 

Rights 


.-»i": 


a»^av.*-" 


if  '■ 


•nmtfjii'mfv  »if 


I  H 


M 


■<,#• 


i? 


P    R   JE    P    A  4:    B. 


^tghtf  and  Tofefions^ayiH  going  into  nifltiy  other 
Things  beyond  myDefign  (-which  l-was  in  hopes 
J<me  fuch  able  Hand  ivould  do)  I  ji ill  flatter 
^  filf  the  following  Obfervations  may  have 
Jotnegood  Effea  to-War^s  promoting^  the  Britilh 
Jntere/t, 

The  Ohfervations  concerning  ihe  Increafc  of 
Mankind,  Peopling  of  Countries  ^c.  were 
rajrotefime  Years  ago,  but  the  ingenious  Author 
nveuld  never  fufer  them  to  be  made  publick  till 
now,  when  he  hath  been  prevailed  upon  to  con- 
J^f*9it  byfome  of  his  friends,  who  thought 
ihe  Publication  of  them  would  he  vf  gener<H 
Benefit  and  Advantage,  ■■  \ 


^%%% 


■« 


r.J?Jm-'.v'3*Jtt«,HftiaBrr: 


..>-    ■  i 


IH'Kfin  ^f]i^[^^0jffnir^ 


'■IP*' 


5*  into  niflfiy  other 
b  livas  in  hopes 
)  I  fiill  flatter 
fions  may  have 
^titfg  the  Britilh 

the  Increafc  of 
.nti  ^c.  were 
Jgenious  Author 
lade  publick  till 
led  upon  to  coh- 
r,  luho  thought 
^^  ^f  gener^ 


-Vi 


mfwf  '<■  g;siCT»'!P.'-WWPWl^*^W 


.1     ■%      %       i- 


% 


QBSERVATIONS   on   the 

ssr  la,te  and   prefent   Conduft 
'^;  of  the  iv-^/zcA.  in  ']>ToRTH- 

America/  .^iTi>/r.^-^'Mio^'<->vi;. 


!:&- 


•If 


HE  late;  aiid  ^reifent  Condu(^  of 

,   .^l\iQ"^ttViQ\i  \n  North- America^  h 
l#.  iliiia.;  ^-^^  ^^^j^  j^^iy  become  the  Ob- 

jeifl  .of  Attention  of  the  Britifli 
Nation.  They  are  feiifible  that  their  uii- 
juftifiable  Encroachments,  muftbe  attended 
with  bad  Confequences  to  theBritifh  G0I9- 
nies  thefe  ;  and  that  in  the  Event,  Great- 
Britain  itfelf  miift  be  greatly  aflfeded.  But 
the  Senfe  of  thefe  Things  is,  however,,  fo 
general  and  indeterminate,  that  it  may  hot 
be  amifs  at  this  Junfture,  plainly  arid  par- 
ticularly to  fhew  the  Importance  of  the 
Britifli  Colonies  in  North- America  to  the 
Mother  Kingdom ;  and  the  necefTary  fatal 
Cqulcqucnces.of  the  prefent  Meafures  the 
French  are  pyrfuing,  unlefs  a  fpeedy  and 
final  Stop  be  put  to  them.    /' 

;...:-  ■'/  -  B  -r'"'?r       .To 

*ar,   r  '■   f     .  ■   ^  i-      .'i  ;•■!'■  .-  <■■  .       , 


« 

r 


m 


Hi 


i-  '-. 


^p 


To  render  the  whole  more  plain  and  in- 
telligible, it  feems  proper,  previoiifly  to 
mention  his  Majefty's  undoubted  Right  to 
thofeTerritorics,  that  theFrench  have  becn^ 
and  are  now  invading,  and  fortifying  them-* 
felves  upon  ;  and  to  give  a  fuccin<ft  Ac- 
coiinc  of  the  Encroachments  they  have 
made  fince  the  Treaty  of  IJrreck,  and  the 
later  one  of Aix-la-Chapelle, with  fome  other 
occafional  Remarks. 

Sebajiian  Cabot,  who  failed  from  Englanti, 

with  a  Commiffion  from  Hemj  the  VII. 

^firft  difcovered  the  Northern  Continejat  of 

America,  in  1497  ;  and  took  Pofleffion  of 

it  for  that  Monarch. 

It  is  needlefs  to  take  Notice  of  what  par- 
ticular Parts  of  this  Continent  the  French 
hav^finceat  differentTinies  poflefled  them- 
felves,  which  have  been  afterwards  con- 
firmed to  them  by  Treaty  ;  or  to  afcertain 
the  cxadl  Boundaries  of  all  his  Britannick 
Majefty's  Territories  in  North- America. 
^  will  be  fufficient  for  the  prefent  Piir- 
pp|(fe,  to  obferve,  that  the  Province  of  iVo'Wtf- 
Scotia,  or  Accadia,  was  firft  granted  by  King 
^,  James  I.  under  certain,  determinateBounds. 

That  the  French  were  afterwards  in 

PofTeffionof  it ;  that  during  theTime  of  their 

Pofleffion^,  they  underftood  the  Limits  to 

*€Xtend  everyWay  as  far  at  leaft,a^  thofe  de- 

^fcribedinKing7r7/«fj's  Grant.        '      That 


e  plain  and  in- 
previoiifly  to 
ubted  Right  to 
nch  have  becHj 
Drtifying  them- 
a  fuccinfl  Ac- 
nts  they  have 
hrecht,  and  the 
viihi  feme  other 

i  from  England, 
lent  J  the  VII. 
n  Continent  of 
k  Pofleffion  of 

ceofwhatpar- 
5nt  the  French 
poflefled  them- 
fterwards  Con- 
or to  afcertain 
his  Britannick 
'■th'Amerka^ 
le  prefent  Piir- 
vi\xxQ,Qoi  Noma- 
;rantcd  by  King 
rminateBonnds. 
afterwards  in 
heTime  of  their 
the  Limits  to 
leafl:,a^^thofe  de- 
t.        '      That 


t     3     ] 

c.  Tliut  at  the  Negotiation  for  the  Trcdty 
ofUtffichty  it  was  exprefly  infifted  I'lport  by 
the  French  King  ;  that  j4ccadiay  extended 
Weft  ward  oi  Sf.  y>hn's  River. 

That  by  the  Treaty  of  Utrecht,  the  faid 
Province  was  ceded  to  the  Crown  of  Great- 
Britain,  according  to  its  antient  Limit*, 
which  was  confirmed  by  the  Treaty  of 
Aix-la-Chapelle  ;  tho'Commiflaries  were  to 
be  appointed  by  the  refpeftive  Crowns,  to 
fettle  the  precife  Limits. 

That  the  Iroquois,  or  Indians  of  the  Fi^e 
(now  Six)  Nations,  as  they  are  commonly 
called,had  voluntarily  put  themfelves  under 
the  Protedion  of  the  Grown  of  Greats 
Britain^  from  the  firft  Settlement  of  the 
Englifli  in  that  Country. 

That  it  never  was  difputed  before  the 
Treaty  of  Utrecht,  but  always  agreed  by 
all  Authors,  whether  Englijh  or  French,  that 
Lake  Iroquois,  by  the  French  called  Lake 
Champlain,  Lake  Cadaraqui  or  Ontario,  and 
Lake  Erie,  with  the  Country  adjacent,  was 
the  proper  Country  of  the  Iroquois.  <^ 

That  Part  of  the  Iroquois  formerly  in- 
habircd  on  the  NorthSide  oUheLakeO^ttarioi 
And  are  in  the  French  Maps  called  Iroquois 
du  Nord. 

That  that  Part  of  the  River  St.  La-wrence, 
as  it  is  now  called,  between  Lake  Cadatyt* 
?'    ^     ^  B  2  qui, 


'liiififtii'Ki'"  ''>'iir''t'r'"'"^"'"mjiiiJ>'*'''T'r— '■■-"•-'^•"^fV 


;'"-'■— -*;-/«|j^ 


^wnifiyji.  i_  ^  I 


i,  '1 


[    4    ] 

qutf  and  where  the  River  Outawaiua,  falls 
into  it  near  Mont-Real  was  formerly  called 
the  River  Iroquois. 

That  the  Iroquois  have  conquered  mbft 
of  the  otherTribes  inhabiting  between  them 
and  the  River  Mijfiftppi  ;  and  therefore 
thofe  Lands  by  right  of  Conqueft  belong 
to  the  Iroquois,  and  as  fuch  are  confidered 
by  them. 

That  by  theTreaty  of  Utrecht  the  Iroquois 
and  their  Country  are  exprefly  acknow- 
ledged to  belong  to,  and  be  under  the 
Dominion  of,  the  Crown  of  Great-Britain. 

That  in  1744,  at  a  Conference  between 
the  Commiffioners  of  the  Colony  of  Virginia, 
and  the  Deputies  of  the  Six  Nations  at 
Lancajier  in  Tennjylvania,  the  Deputies  of 
the  Six  Nations  exprefly  afferted  their  right 
to  the  Soil  of  the  Country  claimed  by  the 
Colony  of  Virginia  from  the  Mountains 
backwards  ;  and  for  a  valuable  Confidera^ 
tion  at  that  Time  fold  it  to  that  Colony. 

That  the  Colonies  of  the  Maffachufetts, 
Conne^icut,  and  Virginia  claim  Extent  as 
farWeft,  as  theSouthSca  founded  originally 
on  a  Grant  of  King  Jcmes  ift.  in  1606^ 

Notwithftanding  the  notoriety  of  thefe 
Fa<Jls,  and  thefe  exprcfs  Stipulations,  the 
French  did,  after  the  Treaty  of  Utrecht, 
fliake  Ibme  Encroachments  on  the  North 

Eaft 


I     5     ] 


^utawawa^  falls 
formerly  called 

anquered  mbft 
[bet  ween  them 
and  therefore 
mqueft  belong 
arc  confidered 

Khtxho.  Iroquois 
refly  acknow- 
be  under   the 

Great-Britain. 
rence  between 
ony  of  Virginia, 
Six  Nations  at 
le  Deputies  of 
ted  their  right 
:Iaimed  by  the 
he  Mountains 
ible  Confidera^ 
that  Colony. 
I  Mafjachufetts, 
lim  Extent  as 
ndcd  originally 
ft.  ill  i6o6i 
oriety  of  thefe 
ipulations,  the 
ity  of  Utrechtj 

on  the  North 
Eatt 


Eaft  Part  of  the  Province  of  Nova-Scotia 
for  carrying  on  a  Fifhery  there. 

In  the  Country  of  the  Iroquois  tiiey  erect- 
ed feveral  Fortrefles,  one  between  Lake 
Erie  and  Lake  Ontario^  on  the  Eaft  of  the 
great  Falls  of  iV/«^flr<7,  toCommand  the  In- 
dians that  fhould  pafs  by  the  South  Side  of 
the  Lakes  ;  another  at  the  Weft  End  of 
Lake  Erie  ;  and  a  very  ftrong  one  at  the 
SouthEnd  of  Lakelroqitois  ovLakeCha^nplain, 
commonly  called  Crown-Toint.  This  laft  is 
of  the  more  Importance,  as  it  gives  the 
French  the  Command  of  that  Lake  ;  ferves 
for  aBarrier  toMont-Rcal  on  thcitSide  ;  and 
as  a  Magazine  forStores,  and  a  Rendezvous 
for  Troops  whenever  the  French,  or  their 
Indians  make  any  Incurfions  into  the  Co- 
lony ofNeiv-Tork,  or  theWeftern  Frontier^ 
oftheMaJ/achttJetts-Bay,  &  Neiv-Hamppire. 
It's  about  One  Hundred  and  twenty  Miles 
from  the  City  of  Albany ,  all  Water  Carriag<? 
faving  a  fmall  Carrying  Place  ;  and  Eighty 
fix  Miles  from  the  neareftPart  oiConneHicut 
River. 

Thefe  Encroachments  made  in  Time  of 
Peace  before  the  laft  War,  they  pretend  to- 
hold,  'till  the  Limits  of  the  Territories  be- 
longing to  the  two  Crowns  rcfpe«flively  in 
North-America  are  fetded  by  Commiflaries. 
This  is  common  French  Policy,  or  rather 
Periidy.  The 


T"  <"'"  I  ^^ftnmt^^"^ —    ^ 


.-^^^.l^V^^t*  .^I'w 


>#~ 


I.       ' 


Mil 

'if 


111; 


16] 

The  French  Court  feem  always  to  have 
made  North-^weriea  anObje^of  great  At- 
tention ;  and  long  ago  to  have  formed  a 
Plan,  which  they  have  been  fteadily,  tho' 
llowly,  carrying  into  Execution.  .4 

Since  the  Treaty  of  ^;W«.a^^W/^  they 
have  beeii  more  hafty  ;  well  knowing  of 
what  Advantaj  t  it  would  be  to  their  am- 
bitious Views  of  univerfal  Monarchy  to 
accompliOi  it.  Their  Encroachments  have 
been  more  numerous,  their  Hoftilities  mo'-c 
violent. 

In   the  Province    of  Nova^Scotia,    they 
have  ercded  a  Fort  near  Baj-Vert  ;  from 
whence  they  have  a  Communication   by 
Water  with  Lmushnnrgh,  and  Canada,  and 
other  French  Settlements.     They  have  c- 
reaed  another  /bong  one  upon  the  Iftmus 
<'^t  thcT ennifttla,  mounted  with  2 <J  Cannon 
w'hich  commands  the  Bafin  and  Harbour 
of  ChtqncHo  or  Bobauffin  ;  and  within  very 
near  Cannon-Shot  of  an  inferior  one  built 
by  the  Engliih  on  the  other  Side  of  the 
Bafin.     They  have  feized  St.  John's  River, 
and  ereaed  two  Forts  there  ;  from  one  of 
which  they  had  lately  the  Infolence  to  fire 
upon  one  of  the  King's  Ships.     They  have 
cngrofibd  the  whole  Furr-Trade  of  that 
River  to  themfelves ;  which,  before  the  late 
Peace,  was  wholly  carried  on  by  the  En- 


>-.iif,ir,ffflMH-iiiiiiiilii-iniTr"ni   nil, 


always  to  have 
jedof  great  At- 
have  formed  a 
n  fteadily,  tho' 
ution.  ,  '^ 
-la-Chapelle  they 
ell  knowing  of 
be  to  their  am- 
1  Monarchy  to 
^achmcnishave 
Hoftilities  more 

va-Scotia,  they 
3(ij'Vert  ;  from 
munication  by 
id  Canaday  and 

They  have  e- 
pon  the  Iftmus 
ith  26  Cannon, 
I  and  Harbour 
id  within  very 
erior  one  built 
:r  Side  of  the 
f.  Johtis  River, 

;  from  one  of 
iifolence  to  fire 
•  They  have 
Trade  of  that 

before  the  late 

)n  by  the  En- 

gliflj.. 


[     7     ] 

glilh.  So  that  in  Reality,  confidering  the 
Difpofition  of  the  French  Inhabitants,  and 
the  Indians  that  are  under  their  Influence 
and  Diredion,  th6y  are  more  cfTcdually 
Mafters  of  that  whole  Province  thau  the 
Englilh.  They  have,  inConjunc^ion  with 
the  Indians,  who  have  been  inftigatcd  by 
them,  committed  many  A(fts  of  HolHlitiea 
againft  hisMajerty's  Troops,  and  other  Sub- 
jeds  in  that  Province  ;  killed  many,  and 
taken  others  Prifoners  ;  bcfides  plundering 
Veflels  and  then  burning  them. 

Since  the  Treaty  of  ^Utrecht,  they  have 
fettled  a  confiderableVillageon  bothSidesthe 
KiverChattdiere  j*  At  fomeLeagucs  ciftance 
from  the  Southerly  Bank  of  the  River  Sr. 
Laivrence,  about  twenty  Leagues  up  this 
River  (Chaudlere)  there  is  a  LandCa triage 
of  a  few  Miles  to  the  River  Kenneheck.  At 
this  Place,  if  they  have  not  already  built  a 
Fort,  there  has  been  good  Intelligence  that 
they  had  defigned  one.  From  hence  the 
whole  Force  of  Canada  might,  in  a  few 
Days,  be  poured  into  the  Eaftern  Parts  of 
the  Colony  of  the  Maffachufetts-Biiy  ;  the 
great  Nurfcry  of  Trees  for  Marts,  Yards, 
and  Bowfprits,  for  the  Royal  Navy. 

Since 

♦  The  River  ChaiuHet-  empties  itfelf  into  the  River 
St.  Lawrtme,  on  the  South  Side,  a  League  and  an 
half  above  tl\e  City  of  ^tbtc. 


U^ 


1-!! 


[    8    ] 

Since  the  Treaty  oi  ytix-la-Chapellcy  they 
have  erected  fcveral  more  Forircfles  in  the 
Country  of  the  Iroquois  :  One  upon  tlie 
Nortli  Siilc  of  the  Lake  Ontario,  directly 
oppofitc  to  the  EiigHlh  Fort  at  Ofwe^o  on 
theSoLith  Side,  (called  by  them  Fort  Trunto) 
at  the  Place  where  the  Indians,  that  come 
by  the  North  Side  of  the  Lakes,  ufcd  to 
Pflls  this  Lake  in  order  to  Trade  at  Ofwego, 
They  have  built  a  large  ftrongStonc  trading 
Houfe  between  the  Lakes  />/>and  Ontario, 
to  the  Weft  ward  of  the  great  Falls  of 
Niagara,  to  prevent  the  Indians  parting  the 
South  Side  of  the  Lakes  to  Ofwego. 
.  In  the  Year  1753,  they  marched  a  large 
armed  Force,  confilting  of  Regulars,  Militia 
and  Indians,  from  Mont-Real  into  the 
Country  of  the  Iroquois  ;  altho'  forbid  by 
the  Inclians  by  three  feveral  Meflages,  and 
threatned  to  delboy  all  the  Indians  that 
fliould  oppofe  them  :  The  fame  Year  they 
built  two  Forts,  one  upon  a  River  that 
empties  itfelf  into  the  Lake  Erie,  the  other 
at  fifteen  Miles  djftance  on  the  River  Ohcuf^ 
which  falls  into  the  River  Ohio* 

Early 

*  The  River  Ohio,  in  the  Indian  Language,'  mean's 
tlic.  fame  as  Belle  Riviere  in  the  French.  It  is  a 
finooth  eafv  River,  not  interrupted  with  Falls  ;  for 
w-liat  is  called  «he  Falls  near  where  it  is  joined  by 

the 


^'-fi^iVsvuJ-,    t 


3  l\^.i 


■"wwmp**!****" 


■~t—=r 


-h-Chapelle^  they 

Forircfles  in  the 

One  upon   tlie 

Ontario^  directly 

rt  at  Ofwego  on 

hem  Fort  Trunto) 

ilians,  that  come 

c  Lakes,  life  J   to 

Trade  at  Ofwego. 

)ngStonc  trading 

AV/Vaiid  Ontario^ 

■   great  Falls  of 

idians  paffingthe 

>  Ofwego. 

marched  a  large 

Regulars,  Militia 

t-Keal  into   the 

altho'  forbid  by 

al  Meflagcs,  and 

:he  Indians  that 

fame  Year  they 

)n  a  River  that 

I  Erie^  the  other 

the  River  Obcuf 

Ohio.* 

Early 

»  Language,' wiearis 
the  French.  It  is  a 
pted  with  Falls  ;  for 
rhere  it  is  joined  by 
the 


[     !)     J 

Early  the  next  Ycfir,  the  French  march- 
ed to  a  fmall  Englilh  Fort  at  the  Forks  of 
MohoMgahala,  lower  down  the  River  Ohio  ; 
garrifoned  by  a  fmall  Number  of  People 
from  Virginia^  who  were  obliged  to  (ur- 
rendcr  upon  Terms  on  the  firfl:  Summons. 

Some  Time  after  the  fame  Year,  a  Body 
of  elevenHundredMen,Frcnch  and  Indians 
attacked  Major  /i^fl//;///^^'?/;,  Commander  of 
the  Virginia  Forces,  whofe  Corps  confided 
of  but  about  threeliundredMen,  &  obliged 
him  to  furrender  liponArticlcs  of  Capitula- 
tion. C  They 

the  River  Oubafche,  it  nothing  more  than  a  Ripling. 
It  takes  itsRife  in  theCountry  of  the  Iroquois^  &  runs 
upon  the  Back  of  the  Enghm  Settlements,  &  after  a 
Courfe  of  more  than  20oLeagucs,according  to  theAc- 
counts  of  the  IndianTraders,  it  is  joined  by  theRiver 
Ouba/chtySc  after  a  Courfe  of  80  Leagues  more,  it  falls 
into  thcRivcr Mi^i/ippi.  In  itsCourl'e  it  receives  many 
Rivers  from   the  North  and   the  South  :  The   Sa- 

'  vannaht  or  Interval  Lands  adjoining  to  this,  and  Tome 
of  the  other  Rivers,  that  run  into  it,  are  in  many 
•  Places  of  fuch  large  Extent,  that  it  is  agreed  by  all, 
they  form  a  coiripTeatHorizon.  TheCountry  about 
it,  abounds  withUeer,  Moofe,  Elks,  &c.  the  Climate 
temporate,  &  theSoil  fruitful  andeafy  of  Cultivation. 

The  far  greater  Number  of  thelndians,  live  upon  thofe 
Branches  of  this  River  that  come  into  it  from  ihe 
Northward,  and  ftill  further  to  the  Northward  ;  the 
EngUfliSettlements  are  to  theSouthward  :  ThisRiver 
therefore  with  theRiver  St.  Lawrence.,  and  the  inter- 
veningLakes,form  a  perfedtCommunication  between 
^tehec  znA  A'lijUiftppiy  and  a  Line  of  Separation  when 

*   filled  with  French    Forts   and  Settlements    between 

I  the  f^r  greater  Number   of  the   Indians,    and  the 

"^  Engli(h  Settlements. 


V^M^' 


"  ■  ■  -  i^.)  NPTr"  « ...(tiJI^'iJ*" 


'Wpil         .1111.1. 'I 


ii!. 


4 


(iti'i 


Ml 


^'^ 


.       ■    .  [     IQ     ] 

They  li^ve  bujlt  another  Fort  at  the 
Forks,  where  the  River  Oubafche  falJs  into 
the  River  Ohio.  How  raaiiy  more  Fpr- 
trelTes  they  have  ere<fled  low^r  down  to- 
wards the  River  Mljfifippi^  ancj  on  that 
River,  I  do  not  pretend  to  know.  They 
have  likewife  bu^lt  two  Veflels  like  our 
Briganti^ies,  pf  ab?>ut  6p  or  70  TpiW  for 
Transportation  on  theLakeO«/am.  Thefe 
l^akes  are  large  Inland  Seas,  navigably  by 
VelTels  of  a  '"^»^^derable  Biirthen. 

By  the  Treaty  of  Vtrecbty  confirmed  by 
the  Treaty  of  u4ix-la-Chapelle,  it  is  exprelly 
fjipuiat^d  that  the  French  fhall  have  Liberty 
pi"  pafling  into  the  Country  of  the  Five 
Nations,  and  other  Indians  in  Friendfhip 
with  Qreat-Brifaiu,  for  the  fake  of  Com- 
merce }  9nd  that  the  Endifh  (hall  have  the 
fame  Liberty  of  paffing  mto  the  Countries 
pf  tl^elndiana  inFriehdfliip  with  theFrench 
9ij\  th^  fan^e  Furpofe. 

Since  the  laft  Treaty,  the  French  have 
plundered  feveral  of  his  Majefty's  Subjedls 
trading,  not  in  the  Countries  of  the  Indians 
in  Friendfhip  with  the  French,  but  in  the 
Countries  of  the  Iroqnoisy  and  other  Indian 
Nations  in  Friendfliip  with  Great-Britain^ 
of  Goods  to  a  very  greatValue ;  killed  fome, 
made  others  Prifoners,  and  tranfported  fe- 
deral tQ  Old'i'rme,  They  have  lately 
,  avowed 


S9»««4— ^ 


iiapn- 


] 

nother  Fort  at  the 
r  Oubafch  falls  into 
r  many  more  For- 
ed  lowgr  down  to- 
ftppi,  and  on  that 
id  to  know.  They 
^o  VelTels  likp  our 

60  or  70  Ton*  for 
akeOfitarie,     Thefe 

Seas,  n^vigabl^  by 
e  Burthen. 
recbtf  confirmed  by 
hapellet  it  is  exprelly 
ch  fhall  have  Liberty 
)untry  of  the  Five 
iians  in  Friendfhip 
'  the  fake  of  Com- 
nglifh  fliall  have  ihe 
J  into  the  Countries 
hip  with  theFrench 

y,  the  French  have 
s  Majefly's  Subjefts 
mtries  of  the  Indians 

French,  but  in  the 
'V,^  and  other  Indian 
with  Great-Britaiftf 
t Value;  killed fome, 
and  tranfported  fe- 

They  have  lately 
avowed 


^■Tf^- 


.*.lh»w6»i,<Tto^ft 


AVoWed  in  the  moft  publick  Manner,  their 
determined  Refolution  to  niake  Prifoners 
all  his  Majefty's  Subjects,  that  they  /hall 
find  trading  in  thofeCountries,  and  to  con- 
fifcate  their  Effedb. 

This  ConducH:  of  the  French  has  deterred 
all  the  Traders  of  his  Majefty's  Colonies, 
from  pa  fling  into  the  Indian  Countries  for 
the  fake  of  Commerce  ;  altho'  before  thefe 
Hoftilities  of  the  French,  three  Hundred 
Traders  went  yearly  from  the  fingleColony 
of  'Penn/ylvania. 

Befides  thefe  open  HoftilitieS,  and  Bare- 
faced Encroachments,  the  French  are  con- 
tinually making  ufe  of  every  Art,  Policy 
can  fuggeft,  with  the  greateft  Induftry 
humane  Nature  is  capable"  of,  to  feduce  the 
Indians  in  Alliance  tvrith  the  Englilh,  and 
draw  them  oV6r  to  their  Intereft.  For  this 
Puff  pofe,  the  moUt  artful  &  zealous  of  their 
Miflionaries  arc  fcnt  amOng  them  :  The 
lowerPeople  are  encouraged  to  live  amoiigft 
and  intermarry  with  the  Natives.  The 
Prielts  after,  they  are  admitted  amongft 
them,  foon  gain  a  great  Afcendency  over 
them.  They  make  ufe  of  the  Religion 
they  teach  them,  to  infpire  them  with  the 
greateft  hatred  to  the  Englilh,  and  Attach- 
ment to  thePrench.  In  this  they  have  had 
btft  too  ftiuchSuccefs  ;  affifted  as  they  have 
C  2  been, 


1 


••-  ?.„4- 


.11 


A-} 


!  M 


[       12      ] 

been,  by  the  bad  Condua  of  fome  of  the 
Eiiglifh  Governments,  to  the  Indians  of  the 
molt  Confeqiience.  ^, 

Many  Years  ago,  a  Number  of  thtl^nu^l 
the  moft  anticnt  and  faithful  Allies  of  th« 
EnghOi,  and  the  moft  War-like  of  all  the 
liuhan  Nations;  went  offand  fettled  above 
MoHt-Real  They  have  lately  pcrfuaded 
one  Half  o^ the  O no fi dago  Tribe,  with  many 
other  Indians  to  remove  ;  and  have  built 
them  a  Church  and  Fort.  Many  of  the 
Seneka  s,  the  moft  numerous  Tribe  of  the 
Six  Nations,  appear  to  be  much  inclined  to 
the  French  ;  and  there  is  great  Reafon  to 
fear  that  the  whole  Body  of  the  SixNations, 
will  foon  be  loft  to  the  Crown  of  Great- 
Bntam,  and  gained  by  the  French ;  unlefs 
fome  proper  Meafures  be  taken  to  prevent 
them,  and  to  regain  thofe  that  are  loft. 

The  Indians  in  the  French  Intereft  are 
upon  all  proper  Opportunities,  inftigated  by 
their  Pricfts,  who  have  generally  the  chief 
Management  of  their  publick  Councils,  to 
Aas  of  Hoftility  againft  the  Enghfh,  even 
m  Time  of  profound  Peace  between  the 
two  Crowns.  Of  this  there  are  many  un- 
deniable Inftances ;  The  War  between  the 
Indians  &  the  Colonies  oUhQMaffachufetts- 
-  BV'y^^f'^:HampJ}ure,m  1723  ;  by  which 
thofe  Colonies  fuftered  fo  much  Damage, 

was 


pm^rmrmn-mm 


m.,ii ,.,  !.i    m.,y  .j)ilifiH{';.^..|^y 


)ffome  ofthff 
s  Indians  of  the 

y  of  the Troguoisj 
ill  Allies  of  th« 
-like  of  all  the 
id  fettled  above 
tely  pciiuaded 
ibe,  with  many 
and  have  built 
Many  of  the 
IS  Tribe  of  the 
uch  inclined  to 
[leat  Reafon  to 
the  SixNationSy 
own  o{  Great' 
French;  unlefs 
iken  to  prevent 
hat  are  loft, 
ich  Intereft  are, 
es,  inftigated  by 
erally  the  chief 
ck  Councils,  to 
e  Englifh,  even 
:e  between  the 
e  are  many  un- 
"ar  between  the 
^QMaffachufetts- 
723  ;  by  which 
much  Damage, 
was 


[   n   ] 

was  begun  by  thelnftigation  of  theFrench; 
their  Supplies  were  from  them,  and  there 
arc  now  original  Letters  of  feveral  Jefuits 
to  be  produced  ;  whereby  it  evidently  ap- 
pears, that  they  wtrc  continually  animat- 
ing the  Indians,  when  almoft  tired  with  the 
War,  to  a  further  Profecution  of  it.  The 
French  not  only  excited  the  Indians  and 
fupplied  them,  but  joiwed  their  own  Forces 
with  them  in  all  the  lateHoftlitiesthat  have 
been  committed  within  his  Majefty's  Pro- 
vince of  Nova-Scotia. 

From  an  intercepted  Letter  this  Year 
from  the  Jefuit  at  Tenobfcot,  and  from  other 
Information,  it  is  certain  that  they  have 
been  ufing  their  utmoft  Endeavours  to  ex- 
cite the  Indians  to  newAd^s  ofHoftilitya- 
gainft  hisMajefty's  Colony  of  the  Majpichu- 
etts-Bay,  and  fome  have  been  committed.* 

The  French  not  only  excite  the  Indians 
TO  Adis  of  Hoftility,  but  Reward  them  for 
it,  by  buying  the  Englifh  Prifoners  of  them  ; 
for  the  Ranfom  of  each  of  which,  they 
afterwards  demand  the  Price  that  is  ufually 

given 

*  Since  the  writing  this,  the  Indians  af  the  Inftigation 

of  the  French  have  committed  numerous  Hoitilities 

upon  the  £ngH(h,  in   the  Governments  of  Firgtnia, 

~    Afurylcnd,    New-ioriy  New-Hamfjbirey  Majfachufetts- 

:   Bay  ;  and  the  two  laft  Governments   have   declared 

War  againft  feveral  Tribes  of  th«  Abinaqul  Indiuis. 


«iiJe?s»A      .,   ..j«.».-_.   tr-^^^'-^' 


TCHfnmRinpiPW9*r«nw*<« 


<  ,.i, 


l'':|t' 


i^ikj^' 


[     '4    ] 

given  for  a  Slave  in  thefe  Colonies.  They 
do  this  under  the  YpeciousPretence  ofrefcu- 
ing  the  poor  Priibners  from  the  Cruelties 
and  Barbarirics  of  the  Savages ;  but  in  Re- 
ality to  encourage  them  to  continue  their 
depredations  ;  as  they  can  by  this  Means 
get  more  by  hunting  the  Euglifh,  than  by 
hunting  Wild-Beafh  ;  while  in  Reality  the 
French  at  the  fame  Time,  keep  up  a  large 
Army  of  Indians  entirely  at  theExpence  of 
tiieEnghfli,  without  any  to  themfelves. 

It  is  very  uncertain,  &  difficult  to  guefs. 
What  may  be  the  Number  of  Indians  fcatter- 
^d  upon  the  back  of  the  Engli/h  &  French 
Settlements,  thro'  this  vaft  Continent.     But 
It  the  Account   be  true,  or  near  true  that 
was  given  in  an  open  Council  <5f  the  Six 
Nations  at  rurpeha-wkie,  on   their  return 
from  the  Treaty  at  Philadelphia,  m  1742 
there  mufll  be  sl  great  ma^y  Thou/and  of  them' 
And  altho'  the  Indians  live  fcattered,  as 
a  Hunter's  Life  requires  ;  they  may  be 
colleaed  together  from  almoft  any  Diftance 
as  they  can  find  their  Siibfiftence  from  their' 
Oun  in  their  Travelling. 

But  let  the  Number  of  the  Indians  be 
what  it  Will,  they  are  not  formidable  meer- 
ly  on  Account  of  their  Numbers ;  there  are 
many  other  Ciiicumftances  that  give  them 
a  great  Advantage  ovef  the  Englifh. 

The 


IT* 


^"^m 


^¥ 


] 


Colonies.    They 
5Pretence  of  refcu- 
rom  the  Cruelties 
Images;  butinRe- 
to  continue  their 
:an  by  this  Means 
Eughfli,  than  by 
lile  in  Reality  the 
keep  up  a  large 
actheExpenceof 
to  themfelves. 
difficult  to  guefs, 
of  Indians  fcatter- 
Snglifh  &  French 
Continent.    But 
>r  near  true   that 
•uncil  <5f  the  Six 
on  their  return 
delphiay   m  1742, 
T/jou/kftJ  of  them, 
live  fcattered,  as 
;  they  may  be 
loft  any  Diftance, 
ftence  from  their 

the  Indians  be 
"ormidable  meer- 
nbers ;  there  are 
J  that  give  them 
e  Englifh. 

The 


[     li    ] 

The  Englifh  Inhabitants,  the'  numerous, 
are  extended  over  a  large  Tradl  of  Land, 
joo  Leagvies  inLength,  on  the  Sea-Shoar  ; 
and  altho'  fomc  of  their  trading  Towns  are 
thick  fettlcd,theirSettlements  in  theCountry 
Towns,  muft  be   at  a  Diftance  from  each 
other :  Befides,that  in  a  newCountry  where 
Lands  are  cheap,  People  are  fond  of  ac- 
quiring  large   Trads  to  themfelves  ;  ^id 
therefore  in  the  out  Settlements,  they  muft 
be   more  remote  :  And  as  the  People  that 
move  out  are  generallyPoor,  they  fit  down 
either  where  they  can  eafieft  procure  Land, 
or  fooneft  raife  a  Subfiftence  ;  add  to  this, 
that  the  Englifh  have  fixed  fettled  Habita- 
tions, the  eafieft  and  fhorteft  Paflages  to 
which,  the  Indians  by  conftantly  hunting 
the  Woods,   are  perfedly  well  acquainted 
with  ;  whereas  the  Englifh  know  little  or 
nothing  of  the  Indian  Country,  nor  of  the 
PafTages  through  the  Woods  that  lead  to  it. 
The  IndianWay  of  making  War,  is  by  fvid- 
den  Attacks  upon  expofcd  Places  ;  and  as 
foon  as  they  have  done  MifcHief  they  re- 
tire, and  either  go  home  by  the  fame  or 
fome  different  Rout,  as  they  think  fafefl  ; 
or  go  to  fome  other  Place  at  a  Diftance  to 
renew  their  Stroke.     If  a  fufficient  Party 
fhjould  happily  be  ready  to  purfue  them,  it 


-w^wK^ 


'III<IIJ.III 


r^ 


fmift 


K  f 


[     i6    ] 

is  a  great  Chance,  whether  in  a  Country 
corififlmg  of  Woods  and  Swamps,  which 
the  Englifli  are  not  acquainted  with,  the 
Enemy  do  not  lay  in  Ambufh  for  them  in 
fome  convenient  Place,  and  from  thence 
deftroy  them.  If  this  fhould  not  be  the 
Cafe,  but  the  Englifh  fhouW  purfue  them, 
as  foon  as  they  have  gained  the  Rivers,  by 
Means  of  their  Canoes,  totheUfe  of  which 
they  are  brought  up  from  theirlnfancy,  they 
prefently  get  out  of  theirRcach  :  Further, 
if  a  Body  of  Men  were  to  march  into  their 
Country  to  thePlaces  where  theyare  fettled, 
they  can,upon  the  leallNotice,  without  great 
Difadvantage  quit  their  prefent  Habitati- 
ons, and  betake  themfelves  to  new  ones. 

Bnt  to  return  from  thefe  occafional  Re- 
marks, and  to  point  out  the  Confequences 
of  the  prefent  Mcafures  of  the  French,  if 
they  are  fuffered  to  purfue  them  : 

The  firll  and  moft  immediate  will  be  the 
engroffing  the  whole  Furr  and  Pelt  Trade. 
The  Furrs  and  Pelts  imported  into  England, 
have  been  computed  to  amount  to  about 
£,  90,000  Sterling  perAnnum,befides  what 
are  ufed  in  the  Plantations,  which  is  no  in- 
confiderableQuantity ;  but  I  believe  greatly 
exceed  that  Sum.  What  Part  is  imported 
from  North-America,  and  what  from  the 
■NothernParts  oi  Europe,  I  cannot  tell.  The 
.'  ^  ■  whole 


i • 


"Tff"   ■'■)' 


her  in  a  Country 
Swamps,  which 
iiainted  with,  the 
ibufh  for  them  in 
and  from  thence 
jould  not  be  the 
uW  purfne  them, 
led  the  Rivers,  by 
the  Ufe  of  which 
heirlnfancy,they 
leach  :  Further, 
>  march  into  their 
re  theyare  fettled, 
ice,  without  great 
prefcnt  Habitati- 
;s  to  new  ones. 
fe  occafional  Re- 
he  Confequences 
of  the  French,  if 
e  them  : 

ediate  will  be  the 
r  and  Pelt  Trade, 
rted  into  England, 
mount  to  about 
um,  befides  what 
,  which  is  no  in- 
:  I  believe  greatly 
Part  is  imported 
what  from  the 
annot  tell.  The 
whole 


[     -7     ] 

whole  Indian  Trade  of  North-America^  is 
carried  on  entirely  by  Barter ;  and  that 
chiefly,  &  indeed  almoft  wholly  for  Strouds, 
Duffils,  Blankets,  &  other  Manufadures  of 
Great-Britain. 

The  prefent  Trade  therefore  is  of  great 
Confequence,  and  if  it  was  properly  profc- 
cutcd,  the  Advantages   arifmg  to   Great- 
Britain^  would  be  in  Proportion  to  its  In- 
creafe  ;  not  only  as  it  would  occafion  a 
greater  Confumption  of  Britifli  Manufac- 
tures,  but  likewife  as   it  would  bring  in 
a  greater  Quantity  of  thofe  valuable  Com- 
modities, which  Great-Britain  muft  other- 
wife  Purchafe   from  other  Powers  at    a 
dearer  Rate,  and  Pay  for  in  Money  too. 
The  Indians  may  be  fupplied  cheaper  from 
the  Englifh,  than  from  the  French  ;  this  is 
very  evident,  inafmuch  as  the  French  arc 
frequently  fupplied  from  Albany,  by  the 
Means  of  their  Indians  (who  are   really 
Factors  for  the  French)  with  great  Part  of 
their  Goods  at  an  advanced  Price,  and  yet 
have  their  own  Profit  upon  them,  when 

they  fell  them  to  the   Indians. The 

Englifh  Colonies  are  better  fitwated,  were 
it  not  for  the  French  Encroachments,  to 
carry  the  Trade  into  the  Indian  Country, 
than  thofe  of  the- French  ;  and  are  there- 
fore capable  of  increafnig  and  extending, 

D  this 


,..-.--'" '■lf1uJ|fM'<*'fr!>'j» 


ij.iaiiiMllfejiiatowiT'^  •■  .TMiwiiii.^^ 


A- 


i.,   ,( 


liili 


!.•     J. 


[     i8    ] 

this  Trade  to  a  greater  Advantage  than 
they.  But  notwithftanding  the  Advan- 
tages of  the  Englifh,  and  the  Difadvantages 
oftheFrench,  the  latter  have  always  puftied 
it  on  with  greater  Vigour,  and  have  always 
had  by  much  the  largellShare  of  it :  Neither 
is  this  much  to  be  wondered  at,  fince  the 
French  of  Canada  have  fcarce  any  other 
Trade  but  this  ;  and  this  is  fo  efTential  to  that 
Settlement,  that  if  they  were  once  to  be  cut 
off  from  it,  that  muft  foon  languilh  and 
decay  :  Bcfides  that  the  Tax  paid  by  the 
Company  on  this  Trade,  is  one  of  the 
principal  Funds  from  whence  the  Supplies 
are  raifed  for  defraying  the  Charges  ot  that 
Government. 

The  Pelts  &  Furrs  imported  into  France-, 
amounted  fome  Years  ago,  to  no  lefs  than 
£.  135,000  Sterling  per  Annum  ;  andfince 
that  Time,  the  French  Trade  in  thofe 
Commodities  has  been  continually  increa- 
iing,  whilft  that  of  the  Englifh  hath  been 
diminifliing  ;  and  in  a  little  Time  will,  very 
probably,  nay,  muft  neceflarily  be  entirely 
loft  to  the  Englilh  &  gained  by  the  French, 
if  the  latter  are  fufTered  to  continue  poflefled 
of  their  prefent  Encroachments,  aad  to 
ftrcngthen  themfelves  in  them. 

Whoever  will  compare  the  Account  al- 
ready given  of  thefe  Encroachments,  with 

the 


] 


Advantage  than 
ling  the  Advan- 
the  Difadvainages 
ive  always  pufhed 
,  and  have  always 
lare  of  it :  Neither 
crcd  at,  fince  the 
fcarce  any  other 

fo  efTential  to  that 
ere  once  to  be  cot 
3on  languifli  and 
Tax  paid  by  the 
le,  is  one  of  the 
ence  the  Supplies 
le  Charges  ot  that 

orted  into  France^ 
o,  to  no  lefs  than 
.nnum ;  and  fince 
Trade  in  thofe 
antinually  increa- 
Englifli  hath  been 
le  Time  will,  very 
flarily  be  entirely 
led  by  the  French, 
continue  poflefled 
chments,  aad  to 
them. 

;  the  Account  al- 

roachments,  with 

the 


t     >9    ] 

the  Map  of  the  Country,  muft  fee  at  the" 
firft  View  that  they  have  taken,  &  are  tak- 
ing Poffeflion  of,  and  fortifying  all  the  mod 
important  Places  upon  the  Lakes  &  Rivers, 
upon  the  Back  of  all  the  Northern  Colonies  j 
by  which  the  Indians  mull  pafs  from  their 
Country  to  Trade  with  the  Englifh,  or  the 
Englilh  into  the  Indian  Country  on  the 
fame  Purpofe. 

When  they  (hall  have  fufficiently  ftrength- 
j        ened  themfelves  in  thefe,  they  will  effeau- 
ally  cut  off  all  Communication  between 
the  Indians  and  the  Englilh  Settlements  ; 
and  oblige  the  Natives  to  Trade  folely  with 
them,  whether  they  will  or  no.     Befides, 
the  Natives  will  find  it  more  for  their  Ad-  , 
vantage  in  that  Cafe  to  Trade  with  the 
French,  than  with  the  Englilh :  For  as  the 
French,  with   their  Forts,  will  carry  their 
Trade  into  the  different  Parts  of  the  Indian 
Country,  can  any  one  imagine  the  Indians 
will  carry  theirGoods  manyHundred  Miles, 
attended  with  great  fatigue  and  difficulty  ; 
to   exchange  them  for  thofe  very  Com- 
modities that  they  can  be  fupplied  with  for. 
the  fame  Goods,  in  a  Manner  at  their  own 
Doors  ?  No  certainly  they  will  not. 

Befides  the  engrolfing  thisTrade  to  them-, 

felves,  the  French  will,  in  a  little  Time, 

draw  all  the  Indiam  entirely  off  from  the 

t>  2  Englilh, 


_.=-*  »j-«-.-  -^<^  --*^ 


■itft^iii 


[    ao    1 


11 


1^ 


Engl  ifh,  and  firmly  attach  them  to  their  Iii- 
tcreft.  The  cutting  off  the  Communica- 
tion between  the  Englifh  and  the  Indians 
by  the  French  Forts  and  Settlements,  will 
oblige  the  Indians  toTrade  with  theFrench, 
whether  they  will  or  no.  Their  carrying 
the  Trade  into  the  Indian  Country,  and 
fupplying  them  with  the  Commodities  they 
want  at  their  ownDoors,  will  make  it  their 
InterefttoTradcvvith  them.  ThisExchange 
of  Commodities,  if  properly  regulated,  will 
attach  the  Indians  to  the  Intereft  of  thofc 
that  fupply  them  with  what  they  cannot 
fubfift  without.  But  above  all,  the  Vigour 
and  Refokition  of  the  French  in  carrying 
on  Settlements,  building  Forts  &  l^r^ngth- 
ening  themfelves  in  them  at  fuch  a  Diftance 
from  their  prefent  Country,  few  as  their 
Inhabitants  are,  will  give  them  a  higli 
Opinion  of  the  French  Courage,  and  create 
a  Depcndance  upon  them.  On  the  other 
Hand,  the  taine  Behaviour  of  the  Englifh 
in  looking  quietly  on,  or  in  making  but  a 
feeble  Refiftance  againft  thefe  violent  En- 
croachments, while  their  Intereft  isfo  deep- 
ly concerned,  their  Colonies  are  fo  many, 
and  their  Inhabitants  fo  numerous,  will 
give  them  a  mean,  contemptible  Opinion 
of  them :  They  will  look  upon  the  Engliih 
4S  daftardly  Cowards ;  upon  the  French  as 

brave 


■<lg»»' 


nto  their  Iii- 
Communica- 

the  Indians 
lements,  will 
h  theFrench, 
leir  carrying, 
buntry,  and 
nodities  they 
make  it  their 
hisExchange 
gulated,  will 
reft  ofthofc 
they  cannot 
I,  the  Vigour 

ill  carrying 
;  &  l^r^ngth- 
:h  a  Diftance 
■evr  as  their 
hem  a  higli 
;e,  and  create 
!)n  the  other 

the  Englifh 
naking  but  a 
i  violent  En- 
eft  is  fo  deep- 
ire  fo  many, 
ncrous,  will 
iblc  Opinion 
1  the  Englifh 
lie  French  as 
brave 


C   "   1 

brave  Men  ;  upon  the  one  as  fit  to  be  re- 
lied upon  for  Protedlion ;  on  the  other  as 
unworthy  of  the  leaft  Confidence,  &  rather 
wantingAfliftance  &  Protedion  from  them, 
than  capable  of  affording  them  any. 

A  Sachem  of  one  of  the  Tribes  of  the  Six 
Nations,  publickly  Reproached  the  Englifli 
with  this  at  the  late  Conference  between 
Commiflioners  from  the  Britifli  Govern- 
ments,and  the  Six  Nations,  at  j^Wany.  Ad- 
drefling  himfelf  to  the  Commiflioners  : 
"  You  talk,faid  he,ofyourStrength,  where 
do  we  fee  it  >  TheFrench  build  Forts,  and 
keep  them  when  they  have  done  ;  the 
Englifh  do  not  hinder  them  :  The  French 
behave  likeMen,  the  Englifli  like  Women." 

The  Six  Nations  are  the  braveftWarriors 
of  a(l  the  Indians.  They  have  always  beej(i 
in  Alliance  with  the  Englifli,  and  had  for- 
merly the  greateft  Averfion  to  the  French. 
They  once  not  only  threatned,  but  had 
very  near  compleated  the  Deftru<Sion  of 
Canada  :  But  from  theNegle£t  of  theEnglifh 
«o  cultivate  this  Temper,  and  indeed  from 
a  diredl  contrary  Condudl  in  fome  of  the 
Governments,  and  from  the  Induftry  and 
Afliduity  of  the  French  to  gain  them  to 
their  Intereft  ;  many  w^cnt  off  and  fettled 
amongft  the  French  a  long  Time  ago  ; 
?  great  Number  are  lately  gone  off;  thofc 

that 


■'-^^%r 


-aBf»T>"»^-'  'iimi     III  "— I  HI  »i»pi^i>,pt« 


[  "  ] 

that  remain  are  very  wavering  in  their' 
Afl'crtions  to  the  EngliOi,  and  there  is  not 
the  leaft  Doubt  to  be  made  but  that  they 
will  entirely  abandon  us  ;  and  that  in  a  very 
littleTime.if  they  have  not  already  agreed  to 
do  it,  unlcfs  we  behave  with  moreDifcretion  . 
find  Jufticc  towards  them,  &  more  Vigour 
find  Refolution  againft  the  French. 

If  this  fhould  be  th«  Cafe  ;  if  thefe  In- 
dians (hould  be  gained  to  the  French  and 
the  numerous  Tribes  in  Alliance  with  them, 
all  the  reft  of  the  Indians  upon  the  whole 
Continent  would  infallibly  be  brought  into 
the  fame  Intereft.    What  Ufe  the  French 
would  make  of  thefe  new  Allies,  we  know 
too  well  from   part   Experience.     They 
would  moft  certainly  employ  them  even  in 
Time  of  profound  Peace  between  the  two 
Crowns,  againft  any  or  all  the  Britifti  Settle- 
ments as  would  beft  fuit  their  ambitious 
Views  and  Defigns. 

It  has  been  already  remarked,  that  the 
Tribes  of  Indians  living  upon  the  Lakes 
and  thcRivcrs  that  run  upon  theBack  of  thei 
Englifli  Settlements  in  North- yimerlca^  are 
very  numerous,  and  can  furnifti  a  great 
Number  of  fighting  Men ;  all  perfectly  well 
acquainted  with  the  Ufe  of  Arms  as  foon  as 
capable  ot  carrying  them  ;  as  they  get  the 
whole  of  their  Subfiftcncc  from  hunting ; 

and 


V 


[  in  their ' 
ere  is  not 
that  they 
t  in  a  very 
I  agreed  to 
DUbretion 
re  Vigour- 
:h. 

fthefe  In- 
rench  and 
,vith  them, 
the  whole 
ought  into 
he  French 
we  know 
:e.  They 
em  even  in 
?n  the  two 
itifh  Settle- 
ambitious 

d,  that  the 
the  Lakes 
Back  of  the 
Imertca^  are 
lifli  a  great 
;rfe(ftly  well 
IS  as  foon  as 
hey  get  the 
n  hunting; 
and 


[    13    1 

and  that  this  Army,  large  as  it  may  be,  can 
be  maintained  by  the  French  without  any 
Expence. 

Fom  their  Nurhbcrs,  their  Situation, 
and  the  Rivers  that  run  into  the  Englifh 
Settlements,  it  is  eafy  to  conceive  that  they 
can  at  any  Time  make  an  Attack  upon, 
and  conftantly  Annoy  as  many  of  the  ex- 
pofedEnglilhSettlements  as  they  pleafe  ;  and 
thofe  at  any  Diftancc  from  each  other. 

The  EfTcdls  of  fuch  Incurfions  have  been 
toofeverely  felt  by  many  of  theBritilh  Co- 
Ionies,efpecially  in  theEallcrn  Parts  oiNew- 
England^  not  to  be  very  well  known.  The 
entire  breaking  up  Places  that  had  been 
for  a  confidcrable  Time  fettled  at  a  great 
Expence,  both  of  Labour  and  Money  ; 
burning  the  Houfes,  de(lro}  ,g  the  Stock, 
killing  and  making Prifoiiers  great  Numbers 
of  the  Inhabitants ;  with  all  the  cruel  Ufage 
they  meet  with  in  their  Captivity,  is  only 
a  Part  of  the  Scene.  At  other  Places  that 
are  expofed  are  kept  in  continual  Terror  ; 
the  Lands  lay  wafte  and  uncultivated  from 
the  Danger  that  attends  thofe  that  fhall 
prefume  to  Work  upon  them  ;  Befides  the 
immenfe  Charge  the  Governments  muft  be 
at  in  a  very  ineffeftual  Manner  to  defend 
their  extended  Frontiers  ;  and  all  this  from 
tlie  Influence  theFrench  have  had  over,  but 
J:  .       *  comparatively 


ItlSil 


[  24  ]         - 

comparatively  a  few  of  the  Indians.  To 
the  fame  or  greater  Evils  flill  will  every 
one  of  theColonies  be  expofed, whenever  the 
fame  Influence  fhall  be  extended  to  the 
whole  Body  of  them. 

South-Carolina  may  be  eafily  annoyed  in 
this  Manner  by  the  Indians  that  live  near 
the   French   Settlements   upon   the  River 
Mijfiftppi,  and  the  Branches  of  the  other 
Rivers  that  run  into  it.   '  South-Carolina^  in- 
deed hath  this  Advantage  at  prcfent,  that 
thefe  Indians  have  been  for  a  long  Time, 
and  are  ftill  in  ftrid  Alliance  with  them  ; 
.and  whilft  they  continue  clofely  attached 
to  their  Interefl,  they  will  be  a  Barrier  to 
them  againfl:  the  French  and  their  Indians : 
But  this  is  a  very  precarious  Dependence, 
confidcring  how  eafy  it  will  be  for  the 
French,  after  they  have  gained  the  reft  of 
the  numerous  Tribes,  to  fecure  them  alfo 
'  to  their  Intereft,   or  clfe  to  employ  their 
Indians  to  cut  them  off. 
:  The  late  and  prefent  Enterprifes  of  the 
French,  with  the  Affiftance  of  the  Indians 
upon  the  Borders  of  Temijjhania,  Mary- 
landf  Virginia^  and  North-Carolina  ;  are  too 
ftrong  Proofs  how  much  they  are  expofed. 
Neuu-York  is  not  more  fecure  ;  but  on 
the  contrary,  if  the  French  fhould  gv^n  the 
Six  Nations  to  their  Intereft  (of  which  there 


■L 


rmmyrf 


] 


Indians.  To 
ill  will  every 
ijwhenever  the 
[tended  to  the 

ily  annoyed  in 
;  that  live  near 
pon   the  River 
s  of  the  other 
Hth-Carolina,  in- 
at  prcfent,  that 
r  a  long  Time, 
ce  with  them  ; 
:lofely  attached 
be  a  Barrier  to 
id  their  Indians : 
us  Dependence, 
will  be  for  the 
ained  the  reft  of 
ecure  them  alfo 
:o  employ  their 

iterprifes  of  the 
e  of  the  Indians 
'njjhania,  Mary- 
Carolina  ;  are  too 
iiey  are  expofed. 
fecure  ;  but  on 
1  fhould  gi^in  the 
t  (of  which  there 
is 


is  the  grcateft  Danger)  as  thefe  are  the 
moft  War-like  of  all  the  Indians,  as  they 
are  perfe^ly  well  acquainted  with  that 
Country,  and  might  perhaps  have  a  par- 
ticular Refentment  againft  that  Colony, ; 
and  at  the  fame  Time  can  be  eafily  fupplied 
by  Water  from  the  French  Magazine  at 
Croiufi-Toint,  with  Ammunition  and  Pro- 
vifions  ;  this  Colony  would  perhaps  be 
more  expofed  than  almoft  any  other  to 
the  moft  cruel  Ravages  and  Depredations. 

The  Colonies  of  Neiu-Jer/eys^Co/vieBrcut 
and  Rhode-Iflaiul,  are  at  prelcnt  fecured,  by 
having  fome  of  the  other  ColoJiies  as  a  Bar- 
rier to  them. 

The  Weftern  Parts  of  the  Colonies  of  the 
MaJJachufetts-Bajy  and  Nevj-Hampjhire,  lay' 
open  to  the  Incurfions  of  the  Indians,  that 
may  be  fupplied  from  Croivn-Toiitt,  it  being 
not  quite  ninety  Miles  from  that  Fort  to 
Conned icut-Rivcr.  But  the  Eaftern  Parts  of 
thefe  Provinces,  efpecially  the  Province  of 
the  MaJjachufettS'Bay^  are  ftill  more  expofed, 
and  have  been  often  and  for  a  long  Time 
together,  thro'  the  Inftigation  of  our  good 
Allies  x\\&  French^  the  Theatre  of  War. 

The  St.Johns  and  other  Nova-Scotia  In- 

dians,whom  the  French  have  gained  to  an 

entire  Dependance  upon  them,may  be  ern- 

ployed  either  againft  the  Eaftern  Parts  of 

'^-^'--■'  T^  New- 


-.#(i«iie«?j*i*"v»*i*»-— 


iSti 


1 


"Mil 


■[     26     ] 

^ew-Etiglandy  or  the  Province  of  Nova- 
Scotia. 

TheDamage  the  Province  of  Nova-Scotia 
has  already  fuflered  from  them,  at  the  Infti- 
gationand  with  theAfliftance  of  theFrench, 
has  been  fuch,as  has  hitherto  prevented  their 
making  Settlements  back  into  the  Country, 
■whereon  they  might  raife  their  own  Sub- 
fiftcnce,  and  threatens,  if  not  remedied,  to 
prevent  any  future  Settlement  of  that  Coun-. 
try  by  the  Englifh. 

Upon  tiie  whole,   it  cannot  be  doubted 
that  if  the  French  fhould  engrofs  the  Fun- 
Trade  to  themfelves,  and  attach  thclndians 
firmly  to  their  Intereft,  they  would  never 
want  Inclination  norPower  to  employ  them, 
even  in  Time  of  profound  Teace  between  tije 
two  Cro-wns,  to  harrafs  any  Number  of  the 
Englifh  Colonies  as  fhould  beft  fuit  their 
Purpofes  \  which,  bcfides  all  the  otherEvils 
already  mentioned,  would  be  attended  with 
this,  that  it  would  cfFeaually  hinder  the  In^ 
creafe  and  Settlement  of  his  Majefty's  Ter- 
ritories, whilft  it  would  give  the  French  an 
Opportunity  to  increafe  &  fettle  their  own, 
and  not  only  their  own,but  fuch  Part  of  his 
Majefty's  as  they  have  unjuftly  taken  Pof- 
leflion  of 

But  the  Calamities  of  the  Englifh  Colo- 
nies would  be  greatly  increafed  under  thefe 

Cicum- 


^ 


--■»•>(*•> 


mm 


i  of  Nova- 

NovO'Scotia 
at  the  Infti- 
theFrench, 
vented  their 
lie  Country, 
r  own  Sub- 
emedied,  to 
fthatCoun-. 

be  doubted 
)fs  the  Fury 
h  thclndians- 
.vould  jicvcr 
m ploy  them, 
?  betiveen  the 
mber  of  the 
2ft  fuit  their 
le  otherEvils 
ttended  witli 
inder  the  Lv 
lajefty'sTer- 
le  French  an 
:le  their  own, 
:h  Part  of  his 
ly  taken  Pof- 

Snglifli  Colo- 

X  under  thefe 

Cicum- 


r  ^7  ] 

Circumftances  in  Cafe  of  aWar  between  the 
two  Crowns. 

As  the  Fort  at  Crown-'Pohtt^  where  the 
French  may  colle<El  a  fuflicient  Number  ©f 
Forces  for  their  Purpofe,   is  within   little 
more  than  a  hundred  Miles  of  the  City  of 
Albany^  and  much  nearer  to  many  of  their 
other  Settlements,as  there  isaneafyPaflage 
hy  Water  from  this  Fort,   it  would  be  no 
difficult  Matter  for  the  French,  with  the 
AiTittance  of  the  Indians,   efpecially  of  the 
Six  Nations,  who  border  upon  and  are  inti- 
inately  acquainted  with,  every  Part  of  that 
Colony,  not  only  to  burn  and  deftroy  the 
out  Settlements,  but  even  the  City  oiMany 
it  felf,  before  they  could  receive  Affiftancc 
from  the  other  Parts  of  the  Government : 
At  the  fame  Time  their  Neighbours  maybe 
prevented  from  giving  them  any,by  having 
Employment  enough  at  Home,   to  defend 
their  own  Frontiers   againft  other  Parties 
of  Indians. 

The  fame  Remark  may  be  made  with 
Regard  to  the  Weftern  Frontier  of  the  Co- 
lony o{  theMaffachufettS'Bqy  :  But  it  is  in  the 
Eaftern  Part  that  this  Colony  and  the  Pro- 
vince of  Nevj-Hampjhire  is  moft  expoled  in 
Time  of  War  to  the  Ravages  of  the  French 
and  their  Indians. 

E  2  .       PuebeCf 


ittimtutmi  w>iw«-niiT.i,w«Mi>— .»j 


M^<f,ii  m^Mn^itMrn 


ml 


*.  m  mj^wyiiiwuij  nnaniu  ..  inniuutLiniygiiWBywiiyy— 


99mmm»rsf».m''  '' 


t    x8    ] 

Jg^ff^^tr,  the  Capital  of  ail  the  French  Go- 
vernments, is  fo  near  to  this  Part  of  the 
MaJpichu/ettSy  that  whilft  other  Parts  of  the 
Country,  and  their  Neighbours  too,are  kept 
in  a  continual  Alarm  by  Parties  of  Indians, 
the  whole  Force  of  Canada^   with  as  many 
Indians  as  they  fecCaiife  to  join  withtheni, 
may  very  fuddenly  and  fecretly  make  their 
Attack  here,buni  and  dcftroy  manyTowns, 
break  up  others,  kill  many  of  the  Inhabi- 
tanrs,and  make  more  Prifoners,deftroy  their 
Stock,and  return  back  with  great  Security, 
before  a  liiflicient  Force  could  be  fentagainit 
them.    They  might  at  the  fame  Time  dc- 
ilroy  the  King'sWoods,  from  whence  Maft?, 
&c.  are  fupplied  for  the  RoyalNavy,  unlel's 
they  (hould  hope  one  Day  to  be  Maftersof 
them  themfclves,and  on  that  Account  rcferve 
them  for  their  own  Ufe.    But  in  Cafe  of  a 
War  between  the  two  Crowns,theProvince 
of  Nova-Scotia  will  not  only  feel  all  the  fore- 
mentioned  calamitous  Efre(^s  ;  but  under  its 
prefent  Circumftances, would  be  in  Danger 
of  being  totally  loft  to  the  Crown  oiGreat^ 
Britain,  and  gained  by  the  French,    As 
Louisbourgy  which  is  in  the  Neighbourhood 
of  this,  is  on  all  Accounts  a  proper  Place  of 
Rendezvous  for  regular  Troops  and  aNavy 
to  be  fent  from  France^  as  the  French  have 
already  a  Fort  upon  Bay  Vert,  and  another 

upon . 


French  Go- 
•art  of  the 
Parts  of  the 
oo,are  kept 
of  Indians, 
th  as  many 
with  them, 

make  their 
anyTowns, 
the  Inhabi- 
leftroy  their 
at  Security, 
fentagainfi 
e  Time  Sc- 
ience Maft?, 
lavy,  unleis 
e  Maftersof 
ount  rcferve 
in  Cafe  of  a 
theProvince 

allthefore- 
3Ut  under  its 
£  in  Danger 
vn  oiGreah 
French^  As 
Thbourhood 
)per  Place  of 

and  aNavy 

i'rench  have 

and  another 

upon 


(    a>    ] 

upon  the  Bafm  of  ChigneBo^  as  the;/  have 
fecured  the  River  of  .6V.  Johnst  4ind  attach- 
ed the  Indians  of  that  River,  and  the  other 
Indians,to  their  Intcreft,  as  the  French  Inha- 
bitants are  well  known  to  be  better  inclin- 
ed to  the  French  than  the  Englifh  Govern- 
ment, and  muft  eternally  be  ioy  as  long  as 
they  are  fufTered  to  have  French  Roman 
Catholic  Priefts,Subje<fts  of  theFrenchKing, 
and  under  the  Direction  of  the  Bifhop  of 
^lebect  among  them  ;  and  as  the  Englifh 
have  not  one  Fort,  except  Annapolis-Royal^ 
that  can  hold  out  one  Day  againft  a  proper 
Number  of  regular  Forces  provided  with 
ilifficient  Canon,if  theFrench  fhould,  before 
the  Er  jlifh  are  aware  of  it,fend  a  largeBody 
of  Troops,  with  neceflary  Artillery,  and  a 
Number  of  Men  of  War  to  proted  them, 
the  French  Inhabitants,  who  amount  to  ma- 
ny Thoufands,  would  upon  their  firft  Ap- 
pearance, univerfally  revolt,&theConqiieft 
of  that  whole  Province  would  not  take  up 
one  Fortnight.  When  the  French  have 
once  made  a  Conqueftof  thisProvince,and 
ftrengthened  themfelves  in  it,they  will  have 
laid  a  good  Foundation  for  difpoffeffingthe 
l^glifli,  in  fome  future  Time,  of  all  their 
otherColonies  in  JV<?r//:;-^wf  r/Va,and  fecuring 
them  to  themfelves,with  all  theAdvantages 
of  them* 

That 


■$im«\iii-Lmii9fm 


?1 


XWIIIIOTWXW 


i 


[     30    ] 

That  the  French  have  had  this  in  View 
from  the  Beginning  of  their  Settlements  in 
North-^mericOy  feems  clear  from  their  fur- 
rounding  the  Englifh  Colonies,and  building 
Forts  upon  the  Lakes,  and  moft  convenient 
Rivers  on  the  Back  of  the  Englifh  Settle- 
ments from  St.  Lawrence-River  toMijfifippj, 
and  claiming  an  exclufive  Navigation  in 
thofe  Lakes  and  Rivers,and  the  Property  of 
all  that  Part  of  the  Continent. 

What  a  Value  France  fets  upon  thcColony 
of  Nova'Scot/ayan(}  how  eflential  aTerritory 
Ihe  efteems  it  for  the  Support  of  her  other 
Settlements,  and  for  compafling  the  Defign 
Ihehath  upon  the  whole  Continent  of  iVbr//'- 
u4merica,  plainly  appears  from  the  extreme 
Relurtance  with  which  fhe  madetheCeffion 
of  it  to  Great-Britain  at  the  Treaty  of  U' 
trecht ;  and  it  is  clear  from  thatNegociation, 
that  nothing  but  the  feeble  State  in  which 
fhe  then  felt  herfelf,  nothing  but  the  laltNe- 
ceffity  could  have  reduced  her  to  make  it. 
What  an  attentiveEye  Ihe  hath  kept  upon  it 
ever  fince  it  hath  been  in  thePofleflion  of  the 
Englifh,appearsfrom  the  continual Prai^lices 
of  the  Governour  of  Canada^  the  Bifhop  of 
^ebec,  and  the  French  Miffionaries  from 
thence  inTimc  of  Peace,tofeduce  theFrench 
Inhabitants   from  their  Allegiance  to  the 
Crown  of  Great  Britain,    The  fame  is  evi- 
dent 


w.^*^ 


I  ii   ] 


is  in  View 
lements  in 
;  their  fur- 
id  building 
:onvcnient 
li(h  Settle- 
DMiJ/i/ippi, 
ligation  in 
Property  of 

theColony 
aTerritory 
f  her  other 
the  Defign 
nt  of  North- 
he  extreme 
2theCeffion 
reaty  of  C7- 
fegociation, 
:e  in  which 
the  laltNe- 
to  make  it. 
kept  upon  it 
bflion  of  the 
aalPra<^l;ices 
e  Bifhop  of 
>naries  from 
e  theFrench 
ance  to  the 
fame  is  evi- 
dent 


dent  from  the  repeated  Attempts  of  the 
French  during  the  late  War ;  fome  of  them 
very  expenfive  and  hazardous  to  a  very  con- 
siderable Part  of  her  Navy,for  theRedudion 
of  it  J  as  alfo  fiiice  the  Conclulion  of  the 
Peace,  from  her  Encroachments  upon  the 
Ifthinus  and  St.  Johns-River,  in  manifeft 
Violadon  of  her  mod  folemn  Stipulations  at 
^ix-la-Chapelle  ;  and  with  an  apparent 
View  of  holding  her  felf  in  Readinefs  to  take 
the  firft  favourable  Opportunity  upon  a 
Rupture  between  the  two  Crowns  of  fur- 
prizing  the  Colony. 

One  great,  and  indeed  main  Security  of 
the  Englifti  Colonies  in  North- Amerka,  a- 
gainft  the  fatal  Efre(n:s  of  the  French  En- 
croachment, confifts  in  this, that  theFrench 
Settlements  at  prefent  are  not  capable  of 
fubfifting  a  Body  of  Troops  ftrong  enough 
to  over-run  the  Englifh  Setdements  ;  but 
Ihould  the  French  make  themfelvesMafters 
of  Nova-Scotia,  which  is  a  Country  fruitful 
of  all  Kind  of  Grain  and  Provilions  j  they 
would  be  in  a  Condition  to  introduce  and 
fubfift  a  Body  of  Troops  flrong  enough 
with  the  ¥xe\\Qh.Acadians,  and  Inhabitants 
of  Cape-Breton  and  Canada,  together  with 
the  Inditins^  to  reduce  all  the  Englifli  Colo- 

I11CS«  (TT  •'         •'  ,        1     '  «!  ', 

• ;  *  '  ^*        .       Another 


ri 


mmmt 


im 


[      32      ] 

Another  great  Security  to  the  EngliHi 
Colonies,  is,  that  the  French  have  no  con- 
venient Harbours,  but  only  in  the  Kland  of 
Cape-Breton  ;  but  fhould  they  make  thcm- 
felves  Mafters  of  Nova-Scotia,   they  might 
from  their  Pofleflion  of  fo  largea  Sea-Coalt 
extending  from  Cape-Sahle  to  Cape-Caticenu, 
nnety  Leagues  upon  the  Atlantic  Ocean, 
abounding  with  mort  commodiousHarbours 
for  Ships  of  the  largcft  Burthen,   be  in  a 
Condition   to  difpute  the  Mafi-cry  of  thole 
Seas.     Thofe  who  know  the  Situation  and 
State  of  the  Colonies   upon  the  Continent 
ol  North-America,  will  not  doubt  but  that 
the  immediate  EfTea  of  the  French  gaining 
Nova-Scotia,  would  be  the  Lofs  of  theiVf  w- 
England  Cod-Fifhery,  and  the  intercepting 
and  deftroyingthe  greateftPart  of  theTrade 
of  thofe  Colonies,  the  Lofs  of  the  King's 
Woods  in  theProvincc  of  the  Majfachufetts- 
Bqy  and  New- Hampjhi re, 'which  contain  all 
the  Nurfcries  of  white  Pine  Trees ;   from 
whence  the  Britijh  Navy  is  at  prefent  fup- 
plied  with  Mafts, Yards  8c  Bowfprits  ;  and 
occafion  the  breaking  up  all  theEnglifhSet- 
tlements  within  thcT  rovinre  of  Mai »e,v;hich 
is  the  Eaflern  Part  of  the  Province  of  the 
MaJJachufetts-Bay,  as  alfo  of  y^lbaiiy  and  the 
Sctilements  about    it,    which  makes  the 
Wellern  Part  of  Neiv-Tork  .-  And  that  thus 

by 


.^^•. 


le  EngliHi 
'e  no  con- 
;  Kland  of 
ake  thcm- 
bey  might 
Sea-Coalt 

tic  Ocean, 
sHarbours 
1,  be  in  a 
y  of  thole 
nation  and 
Continent 
)t  but  that 
ch  gaining 
f  thcNeiv- 
itercepting 
f  theTrade 
the  King's 
'ffachufetts- 
contain  all 
ees;  from 
refent  fup- 
prits  ;  and 
SnglifliSet- 
ff/V/e,which 
nee  of  the 
viy  and  the 
makes  the 
d  that  thus 
by 


[    33     1 

by  Degrees  with  a  projjer  Force  and  the 
continual  Incurfions  ot  the  Indians,  all  the 
Englifh  Colonies  might  probably  be  over- 
run in  a  fewYears,unlefsthey  wereftrong- 
ly  fupported  with  regular  Troops  from 
Home. 

This  may  appear  very  extraordinary  at 
firft  View,conlideri4ig  the  fuperiourNumber 
of  Inhabitants  within  the  Engli/h,  to  thofc 
of  the  French  Colonies,  efpecially  as  tiic 
Englifh  {are  Mafters  of  fucli  a  large  Sca- 
Coaft  :    But  if  the  Advantages  which  the 
Form  of  Government  in  the  French  Colo- 
nics gives  them,  over  that  of  the  Englifh 
Colonies  in  Time  of  War  is  confidered,this 
will  not  feem  an  improbable  Suppofition. 
AH  the  French  Settlements  in  North-Avie- 
rica,  how  many  fmall  Governments  focver 
they  may  be  divided  into,are  under  the  ab- 
foluteCommand  of  the  Governor  oiCanada. 
.    TheEnglilhColonies,exclufive  of  Georgia 
and  Nova-Scotia^   are  divided   into  elevert 
diftind  Governments,within  each  of  which 
nothing  of  any  Confequence  can  be  tranf- 
acaed   but  by  their  refpedlive   AlTemblies; 
They  are  independent  of  each  other,  feme 
of  them  very  remote  from  the  other,  thofe 
which  are  near  are  generally  difunited  iil 
tlie^r  Councils  upon  the  Manner  of  ading 
againft  the  common  Enemy,  difagrceing  a-  . 
.    F  bout 


C    34    ] 

bout  the  Quota  of  Men  and  Money  nhich 
they  fhould  rcfpeaively  contribute  ;  and 
toufidcring  thcmrrlves  as  more  or  left  con- 
cerned, according  to  the  Diftance  of  their 
Colonics  from  immediate  Danger,  fothat  it 
IS  very  difficult  for  them  to  agree  upon  any 
one  Plan,  and  as  difficult  to  execute  it,  if 
one  could  be  agreed  on.  Of  this  there  is 
a  molt  mclancholly  Proof  at  this  veryTime, 
fince  notwithftanciing  the  prefent  common 
JJangcr,  no  two  Governments  can  agree  up- 
on any  Mcafurcs,nor  has  any  one  Govern- 
ment fcparately,  except  the  Moffhchufitts- 
Bay,  aded  with  any  Degree  of  Vigour ; 
much  lefs  with  that  Vigour  that  the  prefent 
Circumlrances  demand.* 

It  is  eafy  therefore  to  conceive,that  a  large 
Body  ot  Men,  Part  of  them  rcgularTroops. 
with  the  Affiftance  of  the  Indians,  fcattered 
thro  the  Continent,  upon  the  Back  of  all 
the  Enghlh  Colonics,  (as  the  French  Settle- 
ments hkewife  are)  when  under  the  abfolute 
Command  of  one  Governor-General,  who 
upon  all  Emergencies  can  dired  theirForce 
as  he  pleafes,  may  reduce  a  Number  of  dif- 
united  independent  Colonies,  unfupported 
with  regular  Troops,  tho'  much  fuperior  to 
them  in  Pomt  of  theNumber  of  Inhabitants. 

:;  -._■  The 

•' Ar  that  Time  the  Expedition  to  Crown-Point  wa» 
not  on  Foot. 


icy  t\hich 
ute  ;  and 
>r  left  con- 
B  of  their 
r,  io  that  it 
? upon any 
cute  it,  if 
lis  there  is 
i^eryTime, 
c  common 
1  agree  up- 
c  Govern- 
^Ifachufitts- 
f  Vigour ; 
:he  prefent 

hat  a  large 
larTroops, 
s,  fcattered 
ack  of  all 
nch  Settle- 
le  abfolute 
leral,  who 
theirForce 
iber  of  dif- 
ifupported 
fuperior  to 
habitants. 
The 

iM-Pomt  was 


T    35     ] 

•  The  Eflbas  of  thisDifTercncc  of  Govern- 
ment within  the  French  &  Efiglijh  Colonies 
were  moft  fcnfibly  felt  in  the  late  War. 
And  if  we  may  judge  by  the  late  &  prefent 
Proceedings  of  the  FreMc/j  upon  this  Conti- 
nent, they  dcfign  wc  fhall  feel  them  more 
fcnfibly  Itill,  and  that  perhaps  fooner  than 
we  imagine. 

It  is  therefore  highly  ncceifary  that  the 
moft  vigorous  Meafures  fhouid  be  fpeedily 
and  unitedly  projedled  and  purfuctl,  to  op- 
pofc  any   further  Encroachments  of  the 
French,   and  to  oblge  them  to  rclinquifli 
thofe  they  have  already  made.     TheSafety 
and  Security  of  all  the  Hhg/ij^  Colonies  in 
North-u4mer}cay  their  very  Being  asEnglifli 
Colonies,make  fuch  Meafures  abfolutely  ne- 
ceflary,and  that  without  anyLofs  of  Time. 
And  how  far  the  Intereft  of  Great-Britain 
it  felf  may  make  fuch  Meafures  neceflary, 
will  appear  from  confidering  the  Importance 
of  the(e  Colonies  to  the  Mother-Kingdom. 
That  the  prefent  GrandQVitoi  Great-Bri- 
tain is  owing  to  its  large  &  extehded  Com- 
merce, is  agreed  on  all  Hands.  h^o^ 
That  it  is  by  this  large  Commerce  that 
flie  is  enabled  to  keep  up  fo  large  a  Naval 
Force,  ai  j  that  the  Superiority  of  her  Na- 
val Force  maintains  her  prefent  Power  and 
Independency,  is  equally  certain. 

■     F  2  Whaf 


t  l^  ] 

What  Addition  is  made  to  herCommcrcc, 
and  confequently  her  Wealth,Strength  and 
Superiority  of  Naval  Power,  by  her  being 
pofleffed  of  fo  many  large  CoIonies,and  par- 
ticularly how  far  her  Colonies  in  North- 
yimerica  conduce  to  tlieSupport  &  Increafc 
of  thefe,  will  appear  from  the  following 
Remarks. 

»vThe  Inhabitants  of  the  Colonics  iwNorth- 
America  make  a  large  Addition  to  the  Sub- 
■jcds  of  Great-Britain.  TheExtent  of  thcfc 
Colonies,  exclufive  of  the  Ifland  of  Ne-oj- 
foimdland^  8t  meafuring  itupontheSca-Coall 
iYomNova-ScQtia  toGf  or^/a,inclufive  of  both, 
i<5  about  five  HundredLeagucs,8c  the  Depth 
of  them  as  far  back  as  the  South  Sea. 

The  Settlements,  which  are  chiefly  on  the 
Sea-Coaft,  may  be  computed  to  contain  a- 
bove  One  Million  Inhabitants,  exclufive  of 
Indian  Savages  and  Negro  Slaves. 
.    Thefelnhabitants  within  the  Compafs  of 
one  Hundred  and  forty  Years,  from  which 
Time  the  utmoftJEra  of  the  eldeft  of  thcfc 
Colonies  is  to  be  dated,   have  from  fmall 
Drafts  made  out  of  the   Mother-Country 
and  her  Dependencies,  chiefly  in  tiicBegin- 
ning  of  their  Settlements,   grown  to  their 
prelent  Number  by  the  natural  Increafe  of 
the  People,  faving  whatAddition  they  have 

icccived 


'm. 


*s 


'-t4Jii»&.u 


„«..A4.*h.'  . 


[     37     ] 


ommcrcc, 
ength  aiul 
her  being 
s,and  par- 
in  North- 
k  Increafc 
following 

's'lwNortb- 
:o  the  Siib- 
:nt  of  thefc 
d  of  New- 
e  Sca-Coall 
iveofboth, 
c  the  Depth 
I  Sea. 

lieflyonthc 
I  contain  a- 
ixclufive  of 
es.   ;    's  ':  ■" 
Compafs  of 
from  which 
deft  of  thefc 
from  fmall 
ler-Conntry 
in  tlieBegin- 
vn  to  their 
.  Increafc  of 
m  they  have 
L-cccived 


received  by  fuchas  have  tranfplantcd  thcm- 
fclves  from  the  Northern  Parts  oiGerminy. 

It  has  been  found  by  Aflcfsments  made 
from  Time  to  Time  of  the  rateable  Polls  in 
the  Province  of  thcMaffachii/etts-Boy^where 
there  are  now  near  two  liundredThoufand 
Inhabitants,  that  taking  their  Increafe  at  a 
Medium,  from  the  firU  Settlement  of  the 
Colony  to  the  Year  1743, they  have  doubled 
their  Number  once  in  twenty  Years. 

If  this  fhould  not  be  thought  an  equitable 
Rule   of  cftimating  the  future  Growth  of 
the  Inhabitants  within  this  Province,  when 
their  Number  is  fo  large,  (tho'   it  leems  it 
fhould  hold  good  as  long  as  there  is  Room 
enough  for  them  to  fpread)  yet  it  feems  a 
moderate  Computation  to  reckon,that  their 
prclcnt  Number  may  be  doubled  at  the  End 
of  thirty  Years,  and  if  that  is  a  juftRulefor 
rating  the  Increafe  of  the  Inhabitants  with- 
in the  other  Colonies,as  it  feems  to  be,thcn 
the  Number  of  Inhabitants   within  all  the 
Brit'iP)  Colonies  in  North-America^  may  be 
cxpedcd  from  their  natural  Increafe,   and 
without  making  any   Allowance  for  the 
tranfplanting  of  Protcftant  Families  from 
the  Takt'niute,  .Sw/ZrCantonSjand othcrNor- 
thern  Parts  of  Germaiiy,   to  amount  at  the 
End  rf  that  Period  to  near  three  Millions. 
•-■?*•;    "         r... '::?':  ._.    '  More 


[    58    J 

More  didanc  Calculations  Aiay  feem  too 
]*cmote  and  uncertain  ;  it  may  fufHce  to 
Remark,  that  from  the  general  Healthful- 
nefs  of  the  Climate  thn>'  the  whole  Range 
of  thefe  Colonies,  and  the  immenfe  Tracts 
of  Lands  fit  for  all  Kind  of  Agriculture^ 
that  this  Territory  is  capable  of  fupporting 
as  many  Inhabitants  at  leail  as  any  King* 
dom  in  Europe. 

The  Advantage  accruing  to  the  Mother- 
Country  from  the  great  Number  of  Inhabi- 
tants in  her  Northern  Colonies,  will  appear 
from  the  Confideration  of  theConfumption 
they  will  occafion  of  Britijh  Manufactures, 
and  alfo  of  all  other  European  Commodities 
in  general,  which  laft  muft  be  landed  and 
refhip'd  in  Great-Britain  (which  is  by  the 
Afts  of  Trade  made  the  Staple  of  them  for 
all  the  Englip  Colonies)  before  they  can  be 
imported  into  America. 

I  fhall  not  enter  into  a  Detail  of  the  £«- 
ro/fffl;;  Commodities  which  are  confumed 
within  the  Colonies,  or  a  Computation  of 
what  Number  of  Hands  their  prefent  Inha- 
bitants may  employ  in  England^  for  furnifli- 
ing  them  with  the  Britiflj  ones  :  Extradh 
from  the  Cuftom-Houfe  Books  of  theGoods 
exported  for  the  Colonies,have  fliewn  them 
to  be  very  large  at  prefent  ;  what  is  export- 
ed for  Ne%>j'Engh!doi\\y  amounting  to  Four 

Hundred 


«l 


ftiay  feettt  too 
tay  fufiice  to 
rat  Healthful- 
whole  Range 
itnenfe  Tracts 
AgriculturCi 
of  fupporting 
as  any  King- 

)  the  Mother^ 
)er  of  Inhati- 
s,  will  appear 
Confumption 
/lanufadurcs, 
Commodities 
>e  landed  and 
lich  is  by  the 
e  of  them  for 
I  they  can  be 

ail  of  the  Eu- 
re  confumed 
mputation  of 
prefent  inha- 
df  for  furnifli- 
s  :  Extracts 
5  of  thcGoods 
:  fliewn  them 
hat  is  export- 
in  ting  to  Four 
Hundred 


[     39    ] 

HundredThouykHdTeunJjSterUng  perAnnum  ,- 
and  the  future  Vent  of  them  continually  in- 
creafing  in  Proportion  to  the  Growth  of  its 
Inhabitants,  muftof  itfelf  in  Time  become 
a  more  confiderable  Trade,  and  of  a  more 
beneficial  Nature  in  every  Refpe<ft  toGreat- 
BritaiMf  than  all  its  Branches  of  Com- 
merce with  Foreign  States,  put  together. 
It  is  computed  that  near  Half  the  prefent 
Shipping  oiGnat-Britain  is  improved  in  the 
Commerce  carried  on  with  her  Plantations, 
^  |k  which  Trade  alone  will  in  Time  employ 
^^  a  much  greater  Qiiantity  of  Shipping,  than 
all  the  prefent  Shipping  of  Great-Britain, 
Bcfides,  this  Trade  will  enable  her  with 
greater  Advantage  to  extend  herCommerce 
with  other  Countries. 

Another  Remark  relates  to  the  Fifheries 
carried  on  in  the  adjacent  Seas  t  Very  par- 
ticular Eftimates  have  been  made  of  the- 
New-England  Cod-Fifhery,  whereby  the 
Returns  of  it  appear  to  be  (exclufive  of  the 
Newfoundland  Fifhery,for  all  of  which  there 
is  a  fufficient  Market)  above  One  Hundred" 
Thoufand  Tounds  Sterling  per  Annum.  All 
thisFifh,  except  what  is  confunjed  in  ^w^- 
rica,  which  is  but  an  inconfiderable  Part  of 
it,  is  exported  to  ^Portugal,  Spain,  and  Italy, 
and  there  fold  forGold,orBills  of  Exchange 
payable  in  Great-Britain^  from  whence  Re- 
'  turns. 


m. 


if\  ' 


I     40     ] 

turns  are  made  to  the  Colonies  in  Englifh 
Goods  ;  fo  that  the  Produce  of  the  Filhery, 
as  well  as  the  Profit  of  furnifliing  the  Out- 
fet  of  it,  center  in  the  Mother-Country. 

Befides  this,  a  Whale-Fifhery  is  carried  011 
within  the  Province  of  the  Majfachufetts- . 
Bay,  from  whence  confiderable  Quantities 
of  Oil  are  yearly  exported  to  England,  per- 
haps to  the  Amount  of  T-wenty  thoujand 
!Po««</jSterling,ormore  annually,  the  prime 
Coft  in  New- England, 

The  Profits  of  thefeFiflieriesarethemore 
Bcneficial,as  they  are  gained  out  of  the  Sea, 
(a  Fund  not  to  beexhaufted)  and  find  Em- 
ployment for  a  great  Number  of  Hands, 
many  of  which  might  be  ufelefs,  or  but  of 
fmall  Account  on  Shore  ;  as  is  found  to  be 
the  Cafe  of  moft  Countries  with  Refpe^t  to 
the  Refufe  Part  of  their  Inhabitants  :  And 
Fiflieries  are  more  particularly  advantage- 
ous to  a  Maritime  Power,  as  they  breed  up 
the  bell  of  Sailors.     The  Cod-Fi(hery   of 
New- England  has  therefore  been  ever  juftly 
,    eftcemed  a  good  Nurfery  of  Seamen  for  the 
RoyalNavy,  8c  it  has  the  Advantage  even* 
of  the  Englifh  Colliery  in  this  Refped,  that 
whereas  five  or  fix  Hands  are  fufficient  to 
navigate  aCollier  of  a  largeBurthen,  a  great- 
er Number  of  Hands  is  neceffary  to  be  cm- 
ployed  on  Board  ^  Filhing  Veffel  of  fifty- 
*'  "^      .,  V  .     Tons, 


1  ErigUfh 
sFilhery, ; 
the  Out- . 
antry. 
:arried  oil 
fachufetts- 
;^iantities . 
land^  per- 

Tboufand. 
the  prime 

2  the  more 
jf  the  Sea, 
1  find  Em- 
of  Haads, 

or  but  of 
>und  to  be 
Refpe6t  to 
nts  :  And 
idvantage- 
^  breed  up 
?ifhery   of 
evcrjuftly 
nen  for  the 
itage  even* 
sfpeit,  that 
afficient  to 
len,  a  great- 
er to  be  cm- 
el  of  fifty- 
Tons, 


r    41     ] 

Tons,for  navigating  it,  and  catching  &  cur- 
ing the  Fifh  ;  all  of  whom  may  be  reckon- 
ed good, Seamen,  or  at  lead  very  fit  for  im- 
mediate Service  on  Board  the  King's  Ships. 

The  next  Remark  relates  to  the  Naval 
Stores  :  Every  Species  of  thefe  is  of  the 
Growth  and  Produce  of  the  Northern  Co- 
lonies. The  Royal  Navy  is  almoft  wholly 
fupplied  from  the  Province  of  the  M?//;/^/;//- 
JettS'Bcij  and  New-HampJInre,  withMafts, 
Yards  and  Bowfprits  ;  as  the  Shipping  of 
England  in  gcn^ji.'  is  with  Pitch  and  Tar 
from  Carolina. 

Upon  this  Art.  ,  'i  may  be  obferved,that 
it  is  an  invaluable  Advantage  to  aMaritime 
Power  to  have  its  Naval  Stores  of  the  Pro- 
duce of  it's  own  Dominions,  independent 
of  a  Foreign  State,  and  not  liable  to  be  cut 
off  from  them  by  the  Accident  of  War,  or 
Prohibition  of  the  Prince,in  whofeDominion 
they  mufl  be  purchafed  :  To  have  them 
hkewife  imported  in  it's  own  Shipping,  at 
reafonable  Rates,  and  in  Exchange  for  it's 
own  Manufadlurcs. 

The  Difference  between  being  dependent 
upon  a  foreignPowerforany  of  thefeStores, 
and  having  them  of  theGrowthofthej^n- 
zi/Z'  Territories,  is  remarkable  in  the  Article 
of  Tar.  When  Great  Britain  was  obliged 
to  taj^e  that  Species  from  the  Northern 
G  Powers, 


1 


.-^--■...ittjiu.... 


.^t 


Pil 


mmmm 


\i  f 


i 


LV 


[    4*     ] 

Powers,  the  Price  of  it  rofe  to  five  7ounh 
Sterling  per  Barrel ;  and  S-weden  intheYear 
1710  refufed  to  let  it  be  exported  in  Et^lifh 
Veflels.      This    Impofition  occafioned  a 
Bounty  to  be  given  by  Parliament  for  the 
Encouragement  of  raifmg  Tar  mtheEttgliJh 
Colonies  in  North-America,   the  Effe^  ot 
which  has  been  to  lower  the  Price  of  it  to 
A  tenth  Part  of  what  was  before  given;  and 
to  be  paid  for  to  Subje«as  of  Great  Britain 
mBritifi  Manufaaures,inftead  of  being  paid 
ior  to  Foreigners  in  S'lverand  Gold. 

Great-Britain  may  likewife  in  Time  be 
1  applied  from  herNortliernColonies  with  Bar 
Iron,  Hemp  and  Pot-Afli.     Pot- A(h  has  been 
made  in  Ne-w-EfiglnnJ,  and  that  of  tlie  beft 
Quality  and  imported  from  thence  to  Eng- 
land: And  was  the  Method  of  making  it 
publickly  known,  Great-Britain  might  be 
fupplied  from  her  Colonies  in  N^rth-Ame- 
rica  with  her   whole  Confumption  of  that 
Article.  :  ^ .  .  >.  '  .  , - 

The  next  Remaik  relates  to  the nchComr 
modities  of  Furrs,Tobacco  *  &Rice,which 
are  the  Produce  of  thefe  Colonies.  There 
is  likewife  a  fair  Profpe<Et  of  Carolina's  rai- 
ilng  fuiftcient  Plantations  of  Mulberry  Trees 
for  the  Produdion  of  Raw-Silk  ;  they  have 

already 


■v--. 


*  There  are  about  85,000  Hog(heads  of  Tobaccfr 
exported  annually  from  Virginia  and  Maryland, 


i.-ar^''^-'  '"^: 


e  "Pounh 
itheYear 
m  Etfglip} 
fioned  a 
;  for  the 
heEttgliJh 
Effea  of 
;e  etf  it  to 
iven ;  and 
at  Britain 
aeing  paid 
old. 

I  Time  be 
2s  with  Bar 
(h  has  been 
of  tlie  beft 
ce  to  Eng- 
making  it 
might  be 
V^rth-yfme- 
ion  of  that 

lerichComr 
Rice,which 
ies.  There 
'arvlina^s  rai- 
Iberry  Trees 
;  they  have 
already 

as  of  Tobacco 
and  Maryland, 


F    43    1 

already  g'ot  to  a  confidcrable  Perfe^ftion  in 
the  raifing  &  making  Indigo  :  It's  Oranges 
are  found  to  be  near  as  good  as  thofc  of 
Seville  ;  and  it  is  not  to  be  doubted  but  that 
the  Climate  and  Soil  of  the  i?r;Y//i^  Northern 
Colonies  is  capable  of  producing  a  variety 
of  Wines  that  may  vie  with  thofe  of  £//ro/>^. 

The  next  Thing  to  be  remarked  is,  that 
the  Lumber,HorfesandFifh  (not  to  mention 
the  Flower  and  Pork)  with  which  North- 
America  fupplies  the  Sugar  Colonics,  are  ne- 
ceflary  for  carrying  on  the  Sugar  Works  in 
tlie  Plantations  there,  &  for  the  Subfiftence 
of  their  Negroes,  fo  that  the  Support  of  thefe 
Iflands,  depends  upon  that  of  the  Englijh 
Northern  Colonies  :  Were  thofe  to  be  loll, 
theSugar  Iflands,independent  of  their  being 
conquered  by  the  French^  would  foon  lan- 
guifh  and  decay  to  fuch  a  Degree  as  to  be 
of  little  Service  to  the  Mother-Country. 

The  laft  Remark  to  be  made  is,  that  the 
Prince,  who  holds  PolTeffion  of  the  Englifi 
Colonies  in  North- America^viiWhQ  in  aCon- 
didon  to  keep  the  Sovereignty  of  theAtlan- 
tic  Ocean,thro*  which  the  homeward  bound 
Trade  from  the  Eaft  and  Weft-Indies  gene- 
rally pafles  :  This  evidently  appears  from 
the  Extent  of  the  Sea-Coaft,  which  the  Co- 
lonies of  North- Avterica  take  up,abounding 
with  moft  commodious  Harbours,    from 

G  2  whence 


1 


WP- 


m 


M 


iW 


[    44    ] 

whence  the  Ships  pafling  thro'  thofc  Seas, 
may  be  intercepted.     France  moft  fenfibly 
felt  the  Effeds  of  it  during  the  laft  War  in 
the  Captures  made  by  the  Englijh  of  their 
Trade  m  general,returning  from  thofeParts: 
And  it  is  well  known  that  the  Harbour  of 
Louisbourg  is  the  Rendezvous  of  the  French 
Eaft-Indla   and  South-Sea  Trade  in  their 
Paflage  home  to  France.     It  is  evident  from 
what  has  been  mentioned,,  how  much  the 
Shipping,  Trade   and  Maritime  Power  of 
Great-Britain^  muft  be  increafed  by  theAd- 
vantagesarifing  to  her  from  her  Colonies 
mNorth-y^merica  :    And  on  the  other  Hand, 
how  much  her  Power  would  be  diminiflicd, 
and  that  of  i'>rt//f^aggrandized,iffliefhould 
ever  happen  to  lofe  them  to  the  French. 

The  Obfervation  therefore,   which  has 
been  made  by  foine,   That  England  main- 
tained her  Power  and  Sovereignty  at  Sea 
before  fhe  was  augmented  with  her  Colo- 
nies,  and  therefore  may  as  well  fupport  it 
now  witliout  them,   is   ill-founded.     It  is 
true,   was  the  Confequencc  of  her  lofmg 
them  only  to  be,  that  they  would  become 
vacant,  or  which  is  the  fame  Thing  with 
Refped  to  the  Powers  in  Europe y  be  occu- 
pied only  by  Indian  Savages ^{yihichvidiSthc 
State  of  North- America   before  the  Englijh 
and  French  entered  into  PoiTeflion  of  it> 

Great^ 


tv^fe 


i ,»«?.:, ;s,Bi* 


[    45    ] 


>rc  Seas, 
fenfibly 

War  ill 
of  their 
DfeParts: 
rbour  of 
e  French 

in  their 
ent  from 
mch  the 
*owcr  of 
y  theAd- 
Colonies 
icrHand, 
niniflicd, 
hefhould 
yench. 
rhxch.  has 
nd  main- 
/  at  Sea 
lier  Colo- 
fupport  it 
ed.     It  is 
ler  lofing 
d  become 
ing  with 

be  occu- 

:h  was  the 

he  Efiglljh 

fion  of  it)r 

Greah 


Great  Britain^  tho'  much  weakened  bj'  the 
Lofs  of  her  Colonies,  might  ftill  (fuppofing 
the  Marine  of  France  to  be  as  *  ch  "  inor 
in  all  other  Refpedls  to  that  of  Greo  "^ri- 
taitty  as  it  was  before  the  two  Crowns  ac- 
quired their  refpedtive  PolTeffions  m  North- 
yftnerica)  fupport  her  Power  at  Sea  in  the 
fame  State  (he  did  before  the  Acquifition  of 
them.  But  that  is  not  theCafe  ;  if  the  Eng- 
lijh  fhouldlofe  Pofleffion  of  them,the  French 
would  gain  it ;  nnd  the  Qiieflion  is,  What 
Alteration  in  the  State  of  Power,thisChange 
might  make  to  the  Prejudice  of  England  ; 
and  whether  the  French,  after  England  had 
fuflered  this  Diminution  in  her  Trade  and 
Maritime  Strength,  would  not  by  their  Ac- 
quifition of  it,  in  Addition  to  theRefources 
of  Wealth  and  Power  which /r</«ff  already 
lias  in  her  felf  and  her^/«enVfl«Territories, 
have  laid  a  fure  Foundation  for  a  general 
and  lafting  Dominion  by  Sea  as  well  as 
Land  >  Undoubtedly  if  thislhould  ever  be 
the  Cafe,  the  Trade  &  Commerce  oi  France, 
and  with  it  her  Naval  Po  wer, would  increafe 
to  fuch  a  Degree  of  Superiority  over  that 
of  Great  Britain,  as  mull  entirely  deftroy 
her  Commerce,  reduce  her  from  herprefent 
State  of  Independency  to  be  at  lad  nothing 
more  than  a  Province  of  France.  The 
French  Court  are  very  leJijfible  of  this,  and 

have. 


^•^  ti 


[    4^    ] 

have  long  been  purfuing  fuch  Meafure*  as 
may  finally  brini?  about  this  Event,  tho 
ocrhaps  at  a  diftant  Time. 

With  this  View,  Maps  of  this  Country 
have  been  from  Time  to  Time  pubhlhed 
under  the  Direaion  of  that  Court,  m  every 
later  one  of  which  they  have  been  making 
greater  Excifions  of  hisMajefty'sTcrntories, 
Ind  tacking  them  to  thofe  of  the  Grand 
Monarch  ;  and  at  the  fame  Time  aaually 
taking  Poffeflion  of  them,  fettling  and  for- 
tifvins:  upon  them. 

Upon  the  whole,  it  is  evident  that  the 
French  have  been,  and  arc  now,  in  maniteit 
Violation  of  the  moft  folemnTreaties,  mak- 
ing the  moll  hoftileEncroachments  upon  his 
Maiefty's  undoubted  Territories. 

That  theConfequences  of  thefeEncroach- 
ments,if  the  French  are  fiiffered  to  keep  Pof- 
feflion of  them,  and  ftrengthen  themfelves 

^'f^hetng'^fimg  the  whole  of  the  Furr 
Tra'de  of  North- America  to  themfelves. 

1  The  attaching  all  the  Indians  fcattered 
thro'  that  vaft  Continent  upon  the  Back 
of  aU  the  EnglUh  Settlements  to  their  Intc- 

reft 

3*.  The  employing  thofe  7«^/^«/  when 

thus  attached  to  them,  even  m  Time  ot 

prof(jund  Peace  between  the  two  Crowns 


■"f^ 


afures  as 
-nt,  tha* 

Country 
publilhed 
,  in  every 
n  making 
crritories, 
he  Grand 
2  actually 
r  and  for- 

t  that  the 
n  manifeft 
ities,  mak- 
:s  upon  his 

Encroach- 
akeepPof- 
themfelves 


[    47    ] 

to  annoy  any  or  all  his  Majefty's  Colonies, 
as  may  beft  fcrve  their  Purpofes. 

4.  That  they  will  one  Day  make  thcm- 
felves  Mafters  of  all  the  Britijh  Colonies  in 
North- America. 

That  thefe  Colonies  are  of  fuch  Confe- 
qucnce  to  the  Trade,  Wealth  and  Naval 
Power  of  Great-Britahty  and  will  in  future 
Time  make  fo  much  larger  Additions  to  it, 
that  whilft  fhe  keeps  them  entire,  Hie  will 
be  able  to  maintain  not  only  her  Indepen- 
dency, but  her  Superiority  as  a  Maritime 
Power.  And  on  the  other  Hand,(hould  fhe 
once  lofc  them,  and  the  French  goxw  them, 
Great-Britain  herfelf  muft  necenarily  be  re- 
duced to  an  abfoluteSubjedlion  to  xh^French 
CrozuM,  to  be  nothing  more  than  a  ^Province 
of  France, 


jftheFurr 
ifelves. 
IS  fcattered 
the  Back 
their  Intc- 

ians  when 

1  Time  of 

0  Crowns, 

to 


'     K^"     1 


./JOOiki'i 


■1         '  ' 


'\:' 


t         '  »  .,  . 


.  > 


^-isnsiv'v 


■iOii  ad  ftt  ,!i'-j;';A'J 


>C^-f. 


Observations  concerning 

^     the  Increafe  of  Mankind, 

Peopling  of  Countries,  &c. 

'•    '  I  ^  Abies    of  the  Proportion    of 

I        Marriages  toBirths,  of  Deaths 

'  JL       ^°    Births,    of  Marriages  to 

the  Numbers  of  Inhabitants, 

«cc.  form'd  on  Oblervaions  made  upon 

*  the  Bills  of  Mortality,  Chriftnings,  &c.  of 

populous  Cities,  mU  not  fuit  Countries  ; 

nor  will  Tables    form'd  on  Obfcrvations 

»^^de  on  full  fettled  oJdCountries,  asEurope, 

fuit  new  Countries,  as  America, 

2.  For  People  increafe  in  Proportion 
to  the  Number  of  Marriages,  and  that  is 
greater  in  Proportion  to  the  Eafe  and  Con- 
venience of  fupporting  a  Family.  When 
Families  can  be  eafily  fupportcd,  more 
Perfons  marry,  and  earlier  in  Life. 

3.  In  Cities,  where  all  Trades,  Occu- 
pations and  Offices  are  full,  many  delay 
marrying,  till  they  can  fee  how  .to  bear 
Xhe  Charges  of  a  Family  ;  which  Charges 

A  arc 


[  »  ] 

are  greater  in  Cities,  as  Luxury  is  more 
<:ommon :  many  live  finglc  during  Life, 
and  continue  Servants  to  Families,  Jour- 
neymen to  Trades,&c.  hence  Cities  do  not 
by  natural  Generation  fupply  themfelves 
with  Inhabitants  ;  the  Deaths  are  more 
than  the  Births. 

4.  In  Countries  full  fettled,  the  Cafe 
muft  be  nearly  the  fame ;  all  Lands  being 
occupied  and  improved  to  the  Heighth  ; 
thofe  who  cannot  get  Land,  muft  Labour 
for  others  that  have  it ;  when  Labourers 
arc  plenty,  their  Wages  will  be  low  j  by 
low  Wages  a  Family  is  fupported  with 
Difficulty ;  thisDifficulty  deters  many  from 
Marriage,  who  therefore  long   continue 
Servants  and  fmglc. — Only  as  the  Cities 
take  Supplies  of  People  from  the  Country, 
and  thereby  make  a  little  more,  Room  in 
the-dountry ;  Marriage  is  a  little  more  in- 
courag'd  there,  and  the  Births  exceed  the 

Deaths. 

5.  Europe  is  generally  full  fettled  with 
Hu(bandmcn,  Manufaaurers,  &c.  and 
therefore  cannot  now  much  increafe  in 
People  :  America  is  chiefly  occupied  by 
Indians,  who  fubfift  moftly  by  Hunting.—. 
But  as  the  Hunter,  of  all  Men,  requires 
the  greateftQiiantity  of  Land  from  whence 
to  draw  his  Subfiftence,  (the  Hu(bandman 

fubfifting 


lip 


IS  more 
g  Life, 
J,  Jour- 
s  do  not 
jmfclves 
ire  more 

he  Cafe 
ids  being 
[eighth  ; 
Labour 
abourcrs 
low  ;  by 
ted  "with 
any  from 
continue 
lie  Cities 
Country, 
Room  in 
more  in- 
xcced  the  • 

tied  with 
&c.  and 
icreafe  in 
;upied  by 
unting.-— 
,  requires 
n  whence 
fbandman 
fubfifting 


[     3     ] 

fubfilling  on  much  Icfs,  the  Gardner  on 
Itill  leik,  and  the  Manufadurer  requiring 
Icail  of  all),  The  Europeans  found  America 
as  fully  fettled  as  it  well  could  be  by 
Hunters  ;  yet  thefe  having  large  Tracks, 
were  easily  prevaii'd  on  to  part  with 
Portions  of  Territory  to  the  new  Comers, 
who  did  not  much  interfere  with  the 
Natives  in  Hunting,  and  furniftj'd  them 
with  many  Things  they  wanted. 

6.  Land  being  thus  plenty  in  America^ 
and  fo  cheap  as  that  a  labouring  Man, 
that  underftands  Husbandry,  can  in  a  fhort 
Time  fave  Money  enough  to  purchafe  a 
Piece  of  new  Land  fufficicnt  for  a  Plantati- 
on, whereon  he  may  fubfift  a  Family; 
fuch  are  not  afraid  to  marry ;  for  if  they 
even  look  far  enough  forward  to  confider 
how  their  Children  when  grown  up  are  to 
be  provided  for,  they  fee  that  more  Land 
is  to  be  had  at  Rates  equally  eafy^  all 
Circumftances  confidered. 

7.  Hence  Marriages  in  America  are  more 
general,  and  more  generally  early,  than  in 
Europe.  And  if  it  is  reckoned  tuere,  chat 
there  is  but  one  Marriage  per  Annum  g- 
mong  100  Perfons,  perhaps  we  may  here 
reckon  two ;  and  if  in  Europe  they  haye 
but  4  Births  to  a  Marriage  (many  pf  their 
Marriages  being  late)  we  may  here  reckon 

A  2  5, 


i^ 


[     4    ] 

.8,  of  which  if  one  half  grow  up,  and  our 
Marriages  are  made,  reckoning  one  with 
another  at  20  Years  of  Age,  our  People 
mull  at  Icaft  be  doubled. every  20  Years. 

8.  But  notwithftanding  this  Increafe,  fo 
•vaft  is  the  Territory  oi  North- America^  that 
it  will  require  many  Ages  to  fettle  it  fully  ; 
and  till  it  is  fully  fettled,  Labour  will  never 
be  cheap  here,  where  no  Man  continues 
long  a  Labourer  for  others,,  but  gets  a  Plan- 
tation of  his  own,  no  Man  continues  long 
a  Journeyman  to  a  Trade,  but  goes  among 
thofc  new  Settlers,  and  fets  up  for  himfelf, 
8cc.  Hence  Labour  is  no  cheaper  now> 
mTennJylvaniay  than  it  was  3,0  Years  ago^ 
tho'  fo  many  Thoufand  labouring  People 
have  been  imported. 

9.  ']['he  Danger  therefore  of  thefe  Colo- 
nies interfering  with  their  Mother  Country 
In  Trades  that  depend  on  Labour,  Manu- 
fadures,  &c.  is  too  remote  to  require  the 
Attention  of  Great-Britain, 

10.  But  in  Proportion  to  the  Increafe  of 
the  Colonies,  a  yaft  Demand  is  growing 
forBritilh  Manufactures,  a  glorious  Market 
wholly  in  the  Power  of  Britain^  in  which 
Fpreigners  cannot  interfere,  which  will  in- 
creafe in  a  fhort  Time  even  beyond  her 
Power  of  fupplying,  tho'  her  whole  Trade 
Ihould  be  to  herColonits:  Therefore  5r/Va/» 

(hould 


p,  anci  our 
[  one  with 
)ur  People 

0  Years, 
increafe,  fo 
'jnericaj  that 
tie  it  fully ; 
'  will  never 

1  continues 
gets  a  Plan- 
tinues  long 
joes  among 
for  himfelf, 
?aper  now. 

Years  ago,, 
ring  People 

thefe  Colo- 
ler  Country 
our,  Mami- 
require  the 

Increafe  of 
is  growing 
ious  Market 
/'«,  in  which 
[lich  will  in- 
beyond  her 
vrhole  Trade 
Qioxe  Britain 
ihould 


[     5     ] 

ihould  not  too  much  reftraiiiManufaflurds 
in  her  Colonies.  A  wife  and  good  Mother 
will  not  do  it.  To  diftrefs,  is  to  weaken, 
and  weakening  the  Children,  weakens  the 
whole  Family. 

1 1 .  Befides  if  theManufa^lures  oWritain 
(by  Reafon  of  the  American  Demands) 
fhould  rife  too  high  in  Price,  Foreigners 
w^ho  can  fell  cheaper  will  drive  her  Mer- 
chants out  of  Foreign  Markets  ;  Foreign 
Manufadlures  will  thereby  be  encouraged 
and  increafed,  and  confequently  foreign 
Nations,  perhaps  her  Rivals  inPower,grovv 
more  populous  and  more  powerful ;  while 
her  own  Colonies,  kept  too  low,are  unable 
to  aifift  her,  or  add  to  her  Strength. 

12.  'Tis  an  ill-grounded  Opinion  that 
by.  the  Labour  of  SlaveS)  America  may 
pofTibly  vie  m  Cheapnefs  of  Manufadures 
with  Britaiti,  The  Labour  of  Slaves  can 
never  be  fo  cheap  here  as  the  Labour  of 
working  Men  is  in  Britaitr.  Any  one  may- 
compute  it.  Intereft  of  Money  is  in  theCo- 
lonies  from  6  to  lo  per  Cent.  Slaves  one 
with  another  coft  30;^.  Sterling  per  Head 
Reckon  then  the  Intereft  of  the  firflPurchafe 
of  a  Slave,  the  Infurance  or  Rifque  on  his 
Life,  his  Cloathing  and  Diet,  Expenccs  in 
his  Sicknefs  and  Lofs  of  Time,  Lofs  by  his 
Neglea:  of  Bufmefs  (Negled  is  natural  to 

the 


[    6    ] 

the  Man  who  is  not  to  be  benefited  by  his 
own  Care  or  Diligence),  Expence  of  a 
Driver  to  keep  him  at  Worij,  and  his  Pil- 
fering from  Time  to  Time,  almoft  every 
Slave  being  by  Nature  a  Thief,  and  com- 
pare the  whole  Amount  with  the  Wages 
of  a  Manufacturer  of  Iron  or  Wool  in  Eng- 
land,yoM  will  fee  that  Labour  is  much  chea- 
per there  than  it  ever  can  be  by  Negroes 
here.  Why  then  will  Americans  purchafe 
Slaves  ?  Becaufe  Slaves  may  be  kept  as  long 
as  a  Man  pleafes,  or  lias  Occafion  i<x  their 
Labour  ;  while  hired  Men  are  continually 
leaving  their  Mafter  (often  in  the  midft  of 
his  Bulinels,)  and  letting  up  for  tliemfelves. 
§.  8. 

13.  AstheIncreafeofPcopledq)ends  on 
the  Encouragement  of  Marriages,  the  fol- 
io wingThinr  nuftdiminifli  a  Nation,  viz. 
u  Tlic  being  conquered ;  for  the  Con- 
querors will  engrofs  as  many  Offices,  and 
exad  as  much  Tribute  or  Profit  on  the  La- 
bour of  die  conquered,  as  will  maintain 
them  in  their  new  Eftabliftiment,  and  this 
diminiiliing  the  Subfiftence  of  the  Natives 
^ifcourages  their  Marriages,  &  fo  gradually 
diminifties  tiAem,  while  ithe  Foreigners 
iacreafc.  2.  Lofs  ©f  Territory.  Thus 
th&Britons  being  driven  uito  Wales,  and 
crowded  together  m.  a  barren  Country  in- 

fufficient 


-  i»i|i>iMJ<lli»|IWtl«.'."!""i 


i  by  his 
ce  of  a 
i  his  Pil- 
ift  every 
id  com- 
!  Wages 
.  in  Eng- 
ch  chea- 
Negroes 
purchafe 
>t  as  long 
{o3l  their 
atinually 
midft  of 
^mfeives. 

pends  on 
,  the  fol- 
tion,  viz. 
±ie  Con- 
ices,  and 
a  the  La- 
maiaatain 
,  and  this 
c  Mativcs 
gradually 
oreigners 
f.  Thus 
aleSf  and 
untry  iiv- 
lliifident 


[    7    ] 

fufficient  to  fupport  fuch  great  Number^, 
diminifhed  'till  the  People  bore  a  Propor- 
tion to  the  Produce,  while  the  Saxons 
increas'd  on  their  abandoned  Lands ;  'till 
the  Ifland  became  full  of  Englijfh.  And 
were  tbsEngliJh  now  driven  into  Wales  by 
fome  foreign  Nation,  there  would  in  a  few 
Years  be  no  more  Englifhmen  in  Britain, 
than  there  are  now  People  in /jTa/e-j.  3. 
Lofs  of  Trade.  Manufac^tures  exported, 
draw  Subfiftence  from  Foreign  Countries 
for  Numbers  ;  who  are  therebv  enabled 
to  marry  and  raife  Families,  if  the  Na- 
tion be  deprived  of  any  Branch  of  Trade, 
and  no  new  Employment  is  found  for 
the  People  occupy'd  in  that  Branch,  it 
will  alfo  be  foon  deprived  of  fo  many  Peo- 
ple. 4.  Lofs  of  Food.  Suppofe  a  Nation 
has  a  Fifhery,  which  not  only  employs 
great  Numbers,  but  makes  the  Food  and 
Subfiftence  of  the  People  cheaper  :  If  a- 
nother  Nation  becomes  Mafter  of  the  Seas, 
and  prevents  the  Fifhery,  the  People  will^ 
diminilh  in  Proportion  as  theLofs  of  Em* 
ploy,  and  Dearnefs  of  Provifion,  m^cs  it^ 
more  difficult  to  fubfift  a  Family.  5^  Bad 
Government  and  infecure  Property^  Peo- 
ple not  only  leave  fuch  a  Counlry,  ancj 
fettling  Abroad  incorporate  with  otherNa- 
tions,  lofe  their  native  Language,  and  be- 
come 


m 


[    8    ] 


come  Foreigners  ;  but  thelnduftry  of  thofe 
that  remain  being  difcourag'd,  theQuantity 
of  Subfiftence  in  the   Country  is  leflen'd, 
and   the  Support  of  a  Family   becomes 
more  difficult.     So  heavy  Taxes  tend  to 
Jiminifb  a  People.     6.   The  Introdudion 
of  Slaves.     The  Negroes  brought  into  the 
EngliJhSugarlJlaMdsj  have  greatly  diminifli'd 
the  Whites  there  ;   the  Poor  are  by  this 
Means  depriv'd  of  Employment,  while  a 
lew  Families  acquire  vafl  Eftates  ;  which 
they  fpend  on  Foreign  Luxuries,  and  edu- 
cating their  Children  in  the  Habit  of  thofe 
Luxuries  ;  the  fame  Income  is  needed  for 
the  Support  of  one  that  might  have  main- 
tain'd  ipo.     The  Whites  who  have  Slaves, 
not  labouring,  are  enfeebled,  and  there- 
fore not  fo  generally  prolific  ;  the  Slaves 
being  work'd  too  hard,  anjd  ill  fed,   their 
Conftitutions  are  broken,  ^nd  the  Deaths 
Among   them   are  more  than  the  Births  ; 
fo  that  a  continual  Supply  is  needed  from 
Africa.     The  Northern  Colonies  having 
few  Slaves  increafe  in  Whites.    Slaves  alfo 
pejorate  the  Families  that  ufe  them  ;  the 
white  Children   become   proud,  difgufted 
with  L|ibour,  and  being  educated  in  Idle- 
nefs,  ar^rendered  unfit  to  get  a  Living  by 
Jnduftry. 

44.  Hencff 


)fthofe 
uantity 
eflen'd, 
scomes 
end  to 
iudioii 
tito  the 
linifli'd 
)y  this 
vhile  a 

which 
id  edu- 
)f  thofe 
ded  for 
I  main- 
I  Slaves, 

there- 
:  Slaves 
I,  their 
Deaths 
Births  ; 
id  from 
having 
ves  alfo 
tn ;  the 
ifgufted 
in  Idle- 
ving  by 


Hence 


,  t  9  r 

14.  Hence  the  Prince  that  acquires  new 
Territory,  if  he  finds  it  vacant,  or  removes 
the  Natives  to  give  his  own  People  Room; 
the  Legiflator  that  makes  effediial  Laws 
for  promoting  of  Trade,  increafmg  Em- 
ployment, improving  Land  by  more  or 
better  Tillage  ;  providing  more  Food  by 
Fiflieries  ;  fecuring  Property,  &c.  and  the 
Man  that  invents  new  Trades,  Arts  or 
Manufa«5tures,  or  new  Improvements  in 
Hufbandry,  may  be  properly  called  Fathers 
of  their  Nation,  as  they  arc  the  Caufe  of 
the  Generation  of  Multitudes,  by  the  En- 
couragement they  afford  to  Marriage. 

15.  As  toPrivileges  granted  to  the  marri- 
ed, (fuch  as  the  Justrium  Liberorum  among 
the  Romans),  they  may  haften  the  filling 
of  a  Country  that  has  been  thinned  by 
War  or  Peftilence,  or  that  has  otherwife 
vacant  Territory  ;  but  cannot  ihcreafe  a 
People  beyond  the  Means  provided  for 
their  Subfiftence. 

16.  Foreign  Luxuries  &  needlefsManu- 
fadlures  imported  and  ufed  in  a  Naaon, 
do,  by  the  fame  R^afoning,  iricreaf#  the 
People  of  the  Nation  that  furnifliesiftiem, 
and  diminifh  the  People  ot  the  Nat^n  that 
ufes  them.-^LaWs  therefore  that  ^event 
fuchlmportations,  and  on  the  contrarjr-jptV^. 
m6te  die  Exportation  of  Manufactures  to 

B  be 


'^^mm 


[       10     '] 

be  confumcd  in  Foreign  Countries,  may 
be  called  (with  Refpea  to  the  People  that 
make  them)  generative  LawSf  as  by 
increafing  Sublillence  they  encourage 
Marriage.  Such  Laws  likewife  Ilrengthen 
a  Country,  doubly,  by  increafing  its  own 
People  and  diminifhing  its  Neighbours. 

17.  Some  European  Nations  prudently 
refufe  to  confume  the  Manufadlures  of 
Eiiji- India  :—<  They  fhould  likewife  for- 
bid them  to  their  Colonies  ;  for  the  Guin 
to  the  Merchant,  is  not  to  be  compar'd 
with  the  Lofs  by  this  Means  of  People  to 
the  Nation.  ;   ukm.  .'j 

18.  Home  Luxury  in  the  Great,  m- 
creafes  the  Nation's  Manufadurers  em- 
ploy'd  by  it,  who  are  many,  and  only 
tends  todiminifh  the  Families  that  indulge 
in  it,  who  are  few.  The  greater  the  com- 
mon fafhionable  Expence  of  any  Rank 
of  People,  the  more  cautious  they  are  of 
Marriage.  ThereforeLuxury  fhould  never 
be  fuifer'd  to  become  common. 

19.  The  great  Increafe  of  OfEprjng  in 
particular  l^amilies,  is  not  always  owing  to 
greater  Fecundity  of  Nature*  but  fome-» 
tunes  \)  Examples  of  Induftry  in  thcHeads^ 
and  induftrious  Education  j  by  which  the 
"^^Chiidren  are  enabled  tp  prgvide  better  fo^ 
-  ,  ,  .   ,  thea^ehesi. 


t] 
e 
S 

a 
C 

r 
i 
a 


a 
f 
I 

I 

F 
t 

t 


.J 


[  ■■  ] 


;,  may 
lie  that 
as  by 
ourage 
ngthen 
ts  own 
ars. 

idcntly 
ires  of 
ifc  for- 
e  Guin 
impar'd 
lople  to 

eat,  in- 
rs  em- 
d  only 
indulge 
tie  com- 
r  Rank 
y  are  of 
Id  never 

p4ng  in 
iwing  to 
t  fome-r 
LcHeadis, 
lich  the 
stter  for 
imTelyes, 


themfelves,  and  their  marrying  early,  is 
encouraged  from  the  Profpedt  of  good 
Subfiftence. 

20.  If  there  be  a  Se(fl  therefore,  in  our 
Nation,  that  regard  Frugality  and  Induftry 
as  religious  Duties,  and  educate  their 
Children  therein,  more  than  others  com- 
monly do  ;  fuch  Se6t  mud  jonfequently 
increafc  more  by  natural  Generation,  than 
any  other  Se(^  in  Britain. 

2 1 .  The  Importation  of  Foreigners  into 
a  Country  that  has  as  many  Inhabitants 
as  the  prefent  Employments  and  Provifions 
for  Subfiftence  will  bear  j  will  be  in  the 
End  no  Increafe  of  People  ;  unlefs  the 
New  Comers  have  morelnduftry  and  Fru- 
gality than  the  Natives,  and  then  they  will 
provide  more  Subfiftence,  and  increafe  in 
the  Country ;  but  they  will  gradually  eat 

the  Natives  out. Nor  is  it  neceflary  to 

bring  inForeigners  to  fill  up  any  occafional 
Vacancy  in  a  Country  ;  for  fuch  Vacancy 
(if  the  Laws  are  good,  §  14,  16)  wdll  foon 
be  filled  by  natural  Generation.  Who 
can  now  find  the  Vacancy  made  in  Sweden, 
France  or  other  Warlike  Nations,  ^  the 
i*lague  of.Heroifm  40 Years  ago ;  inmancef 
by  theExpulfion  of  the  Proteftants  ymEng- 
land  J  by  the  Settlement  of  her  Coloifes;  or 
in  Gtauea,  by  100  Years  Exportatl£»^  erf" 

Hz  Slavar 


[  12  ] 


Slaves,  that  has  blacken'd  half  y^merica  ? — 
The  thinnefs  of  Inhabitants  m  Spain^  is 
owing  to  National  Pride  and  Idlenefs,  and 
other  Caufes,  rather  than  to  the  Expulfion 
of  the  Moors,  or  to  the  making  of  new 
Settlements. 

22.  There  is  in  fhort,  no  Bound  to  the 
prolific  Nature  of  Plants  or  Animals,  but 
what  is  made  by  their  crowding  and  inter- 
fering with  each  others  Means  of  Sub- 
fiftence.      Was    the  Face    of  the  Earth 
vacant  of  other  Plants,  it  might  be  gradu- 
ally fowed  and  overfpread  with  one  Kind 
only  ;  as,  for  Inftance,  with  Fennel  ;  and 
were  it   empty   of  other  Inhabitants,  it 
might  in  a  few  Ages  be  rcplenifh'd  from 
one   Nation  only  ;  as,  for   Inftance,  with 
Englijhmen.     Thus  there  are  fuppos'd  to  be 
now  upwards  of  One  yiWYioxiEnglifh  Souls 
\\\  North-y4merica,{x.]\o'  'tis  thought  fcarce 
80,000  have  been  brought  over  Sea)  and 
yet  perhaps  there  is  not  one  the  fewer  in 
Britaiti,hm  ratlier  many  more,  on  Account 
of  the  Employment  the  Colonies  afford  to 
Manufacturers  at  Home.     This   Million 
doling,  fuppofe  but  once  11125  Years,  will 
in  a%)therCentury  be  more  than  thePeople 
of  Miglmdf  and  the  greateft  Number  of 
JEngl0men  will  be  on  this  Side  the  Water, 
an  Accelfion  of  Powei^  to  the  Britffb 

Empire 


■;%^ 


feMftW 


■wmti  Mwi Jii> y y>"'  ',i^  f'P^'t?.^' 


a  f-— 
'>aiHf  is 
fs,  and 
)uirion 
)f  new 

to  the 
Is,  but 
d  inter- 
f  Sub- 
Earth 
gradu- 
le  Kind 
'\  ;  and 
ants,  it 
d  from 
e,  with 
j'd  to  be 
'/h  Souls 
It  fcarce 
iea)  and 
'ewer  hi 
Account 
afford  to 
Million 
?ars,  wjjl 
bePeople 
imber  of 
E  Water. 
le  Britffh 
Empire 


:-* 


■     [     13     ] 

Empire  by  Sea  as  well  as  Land  !  Wliat 
Increafe  of  Trade  and  Navigation  !  What 
Numbers  of  Ships  and  Seamen  !  Wc  have 
been  here  but  little  more  than  loo  Years, 
and  yet  the  Force  of  our  Privateers  in  the 
late  War,  united,  was  greater,  both  in  Men 
and  Guns,  than  that  of  the  whole  BritiJ/} 

Navy  in  Queen  Elizabeth's  Time. -How 

important  an  Affair  then  to  Britain,  is  the 
prefent  Treaty  for  fettling  the  Bounds  be- 
tween her  Colonies  and  the  French,  and 
how  careful  fhould  fhe  be  to  fecure  Room 
enough,  fmce  on  the  Room  depends  fo 
much  the  Increafe  of  her  People  ? 
*;'  23.  In  fine,  A  Nation  well  regulated  is 
like  a  Polypus  ;  take  away  a  Limb,  itsPlacc 
i?  foon  fupply'd  ;  cut  it  in  two,  and  each- 
deficient  Pon  fhall  fpeedily  grow  out  of  the 
Part  remaining.  Thus  if  you  have  Room 
and  Subfiftence  enough,  as  jj^ou  may  by 
dividing,  make  ten  Polypes  out  of  one,  you 
may  of  one  make  ten  Nations,  equally 
populous  and  powerful ;  or  rather,  increafe 
a  Nation  ten  fold  in  Numbers  andStrength. 
And  fmce  Detachments  of  Eaglijh  fmjn^ 
Britain  fent  to  America,  will  ha^  theif 
Places  at  Home  fo  foon  fupply'd j^md  in- 
creafe fo  largely  here  ;  why  Ih^i  Jd  the 
Palatine  Boors  be  fuffered  to  fw%n  into 
our  Settlements,  and  by  herding  togetHer 

eltablifh 


[     14    ] 

cftablifh  their  Language  and  Manners  to 
theExclufion  of  ours  ?  Why  fhould  Temjy^ 
T)fl«/(i,  founded  by  iheEnglijh  become  a  Co- 
lony ofv^//V»x,who  willfhortly  be  fo  nume- 
rous as  to  Germanize  us  inftead  of  pur 
Anglifying  them,  and  will  never  adopt  our 
Language  or  Cuftoms,  any  more  than  they 
can  acquire  our  Complexion.  ^ 

24.  Which  leads  me  to  add  oneRemark: 
That  the  Number  of  purely  white  People 
in  the  World  is  proportionably  very  fmall. 
All  y^frica  is  black  or  tawny.     v4/ia  chiefly 
tawny.      America  (exclufive  ot  the  new 
Comers)  wholly    i'o.      And    in    Europe, 
the  Spaniards,  Italians,  French,  Rujfums  and 
^w^^t'/,are  generally  of  what  we  call  a  fwar*' 
thy  Complexion  ;  as  are  x\\QGermans^\io,i\\Q 
Saxons  only  excepted,who  with  the  £»^///^, 
make  tht  principal  Body  of  White  People 
on  the  Face  of  the  Earth.     I  could  wilh 
theirN  umbers  were  increafed.     And  while 
we  are,  as  I  may  call  it,  Scouring  our  Planet, 
by    clearing  America  of  Woods,  and    fo 
making  this  Side  of  our  Globe  refleil  a 
brighter  Light  to  the  Eyes  of  Inhabitants 
xKmars  or  Venus,  why  Ihould  we  in  the 
Sight  6| Superior  Bcings,darkcn  its  People? 
why  iimeafe  the  Sons  of  Africa,  by  Plant- 
tb^  in  America,  where  we  havefo 

fair 


i  to 

Co- 
imc- 

pur 

our 
:hcy 

ark: 

oplc 

Tiall. 

iefly 

new 

rope, 

•  and 

Vap- 

bjthe 

EOplc 

wilh 
while 
lanet, 
id  fo 
&di  a 
itants 
11  the 
ople  I 
Plant- 
avefo 
fair 


[  •/  ] 

fair  anOpportnnity,  by  cxchiding  all  Blacky 
andTawneys,  of  increafing  the  lovely  White 
and  Red  I  But  perhaps  I  am  partial  to  the 
Complexion  of  my  Country,  for  fuch  Kind 
of  Partiality  is  natural  to  Mankind. 


THE    END. 


-r 


-,.,*'*' 


^'€ 


y 


"'■■  M 


K...., 


